. Brigham Young University science bulletin. Biology -- Periodicals. JilOLOGlCAL SeHIES, VoL. 16, No. 1 HVDBHANCHIUM AND TllHOAT MYOLOGY 63. Dicamptudon A. i^nicilc A. jcffcrsonUimim A. mtihcci A. macrodactijluTii A. mucuhitttnt A. tutjioidctim A. OfHicum A. Icxunuin A. rosaceum A. tigrinum A. (innulutinn A. cinnulutum Rhijucotriton Fig. 19. phylogeny for the Ambystomidae of the United States and northern A. opactim and A. texanum show a closer re- lationship to each other on the basis of their throat anatomy than they do to other members of the family. They differ from each
. Brigham Young University science bulletin. Biology -- Periodicals. JilOLOGlCAL SeHIES, VoL. 16, No. 1 HVDBHANCHIUM AND TllHOAT MYOLOGY 63. Dicamptudon A. i^nicilc A. jcffcrsonUimim A. mtihcci A. macrodactijluTii A. mucuhitttnt A. tutjioidctim A. OfHicum A. Icxunuin A. rosaceum A. tigrinum A. (innulutinn A. cinnulutum Rhijucotriton Fig. 19. phylogeny for the Ambystomidae of the United States and northern A. opactim and A. texanum show a closer re- lationship to each other on the basis of their throat anatomy than they do to other members of the family. They differ from each other in only tvvo characters, and for the one character (the shape of the second basibranchial) they are different from all of the others. The nearest as- sociation of the opacum-taxanwn group is with the wsaceiim-tigrimtm group at .991 (Fig. 18). A. , A. mabeei, and A. nuicro- dactylum differ in none of the binary characters. However, A. nuicrodactylum can be separated from A. jeffersonianum and A. mabeei by the fact that it contains no ossification in the epi- branchial tips in fully transformed adults. A. jef- fersonianum and A. mabeei can be separated by the shapes of their otoglossal cartilages (Fig. 6 and 7). A. maculatum differs from the others in the width of the linea alba. A. gracile is associa- ted with this same cluster, differing from them in the shape of the first basibranchial and in having a divided intennandibularis posterior. A. talpoideum is aligned more closely with the gracile - jeffersoniantim - mabeei -mac r o- dacti/Jum-macuIatum group than with the Oj)a- cum-texamim-tigrintim group. This is based pri- marily on the shape of the first basibranchial. The former group, like A. talpoideu7n, all have pear-shaped first basibranchials, whereas this structure in the latter group is shield shaped. When the binary characters concerned with muscles are masked from the analysis, the align- ment of the species is unchanged from that de- scribed above
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