. The comparative anatomy of the domesticated animals. Veterinary anatomy. 440 THE RESPIRATORY APPARATUS IN MAMMALIA. Preparation.âRemove the lower jaw from three heads. On the first of these make two transverse sections, one passing between the second and third molar tootli, the other behind the dental arcade. Saw through the second head longitudinally and vertically, a little to one side of the median line. On the third make a horizontal section in such a manner as to obtain an inferior portion analogous to that shown in figure 23. 1. The Nostrils. The nostrils are two ohlong, lateral openin
. The comparative anatomy of the domesticated animals. Veterinary anatomy. 440 THE RESPIRATORY APPARATUS IN MAMMALIA. Preparation.âRemove the lower jaw from three heads. On the first of these make two transverse sections, one passing between the second and third molar tootli, the other behind the dental arcade. Saw through the second head longitudinally and vertically, a little to one side of the median line. On the third make a horizontal section in such a manner as to obtain an inferior portion analogous to that shown in figure 23. 1. The Nostrils. The nostrils are two ohlong, lateral openings, situated at the extremity of the nose, circumscribed by lij)s or movable ivings (alse) disjiosed in an oblique direction downwards and inwards, and slightly curved on them- selves, so as to present their concavity to the external side. The lips or alse of the nostril are enveloped, inwardly and outwardly, by a thin, delicate skin, covered by fine, short hairs. The external is concave on its free margin ; the internal is convex. The commissure which unites these two wings superiorly, forms a slight ci'oss curved inwards. When the finger is introduced into this commissure it does not enter the nasal cavity, but the false nostril: a conical pouch formed by the skin, extending to the angle comprised between the nasal spine and tlic elevated process of the pre- maxillary bone. In the Ass, according to Goubaux, the false nostril is areolated at the posterior extremity, which ascends beyond the summit of the re-entering angle formed by the nasal and premaxillary prolongation. The inferior commissure is round and wide, and, towards the bottom, presents an opening, sometimes double, which looks as if punched out; this is the inferior orifice of tlie lachrymal duct, which, in the Ass and Mule, is carried to the inner face of the external wing, near the superior commissure. Structure.âThe nostril is composed of a cartilaginous framework, muscles to move it, and integuments, vessels,
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