. Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map . 0), ed. De Goeje, Bibl. that is employed to render OP. didd inGeog. Arab. 1. 150 and 1. 123, cf. Bh. ) is found only in the ElamiticSchwarz, l7-a7i im Mittelalter nach version of the inscription on the side ofden Arabischen Geographen, 1. 13- the rampart, mentioned below, p. , Leipzig, 1896 ; and Mokadassi, or ^ gee reference already given toMakdasi ( 984), ed. De Goeje, Blundell, Persepolis, in Ninth Inter-Bibl. Geog. Arab. 3. 420, 435, 446, cf. nat. Congress of Orienta
. Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map . 0), ed. De Goeje, Bibl. that is employed to render OP. didd inGeog. Arab. 1. 150 and 1. 123, cf. Bh. ) is found only in the ElamiticSchwarz, l7-a7i im Mittelalter nach version of the inscription on the side ofden Arabischen Geographen, 1. 13- the rampart, mentioned below, p. , Leipzig, 1896 ; and Mokadassi, or ^ gee reference already given toMakdasi ( 984), ed. De Goeje, Blundell, Persepolis, in Ninth Inter-Bibl. Geog. Arab. 3. 420, 435, 446, cf. nat. Congress of Orientalists, 2. 547-Noldeke, Encyclopcedia Britannica, 556. As explained above, I am inclined9th ed., 18. 558, notes 1 and 10. A to explain the threefold wall of Diodo-still earlier description of Istakhr is rus (17. 71) as referring rather to thegiven by Masudi ( 944), Les Prai- three main elevations, and to under-ries dOr, ed. Barbier de Meynard, 4. stand that the bnll-fianked portals may76 seq. actually have been gilded as implied in 2 This statement regarding the fort- the brazen gates and brazen THE GRAND STAIRCASE AND THE PORTAL OF XERXES 313 men, ten abreast, could ride up it.^ As we surmount the top-most step and cast the eye over the surface of the platform, weare struck by a succession of stately portals, broken columns,capitals, pedestals, stone steps, sculptured friezes, and doorways,spread about in confusion or gathered into disordered often have these ruins been described, and so fully havethey been illustrated that I can do little here except point outthe salient features and possibly add a suggestion or tworegarding the historic significance of these relics of the past.^ Directly opposite the Grand Staircase is the Porch ofXerxes (i?). This imposing propylseum is guarded at each en-trance, back and front, by colossal winged bulls of stone, afterthe Assyrian manner. Two of these colossi face westward outover the plain; the other two (a photograph
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