. Military and religious life in the Middle Ages and at the period of the Renaissance. of life : an aged knight is at the helm, two othersare fencing together, a sailor adjusts the rigging, the wind fills the sail, and at the mast-headthe look-out scans the horizon. The Flemish device runs thus: A fortunate voyage tothe new-born. nistered by the communicant himself. After the sixth century women wereenjoined to receive it in a white veil, termed dominical, with which they lifted LITURGY AND CEREMONIES. 233 it to their mouths without touching it with their hands. In 880 theCouncil of Rouen decr
. Military and religious life in the Middle Ages and at the period of the Renaissance. of life : an aged knight is at the helm, two othersare fencing together, a sailor adjusts the rigging, the wind fills the sail, and at the mast-headthe look-out scans the horizon. The Flemish device runs thus: A fortunate voyage tothe new-born. nistered by the communicant himself. After the sixth century women wereenjoined to receive it in a white veil, termed dominical, with which they lifted LITURGY AND CEREMONIES. 233 it to their mouths without touching it with their hands. In 880 theCouncil of Rouen decreed that in future the sacrament was only to be receivedat the hand of the officiating priest. Until the thirteenth century the com-munion was always preceded by the kiss of love ; the men embraced the men,and the women the women. After the distribution of bread the deacons cameforward with two-handled cups of large dimensions, containing wine for thecommunicants, which each tasted through a golden pipe (Fig. 191). 4. Penance, the obligatory practice of which was reduced to once a. Fig. 191.— Sacramental Cup; a work of the Twelfth Century, in silver gilt, from the Abbey oithe Benedictines of Witten, near Inspruck. year by the fourth Lateran Council, had always for its aim the absolutionfrom sin consequent upon confession. Excommunication, the extreme punishment inflicted upon great sinners,was pronounced by the faint light of a wax taper, which the priest afterwardsextinguished and trampled under foot. In some countries the populaceused to carry a bier to the door of the excommunicated person; stoneswere hurled against his dwelling, and all kinds of foul abuse were heapedupon him. Of a still more solemn nature was the excommunication pro-nounced by the pope himself on Holy Thursday, in virtue of the bulltermed In Ccena Domini, against all who appealed to the general councilagainst the decrees and the ordinances of the pontiffs; against the princes H H LITURGY AND CEREMONIES.
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