Our first century . in the gov-ernment. It was a time of acrimonious disputes betweenreligious denominations. There were arrests and execu-tions, and at last, in 1642 an open civil war began. Sevenyears later that war ended in the dethronement and be-heading of the king, Charles I. Then Oliver Cromwell became Protector of the Com-monwealth, for England no longer had a king, and Crom-well by virtue of his victories had become supreme. In 1660 the monarchy was restored and Charles IIbecame king. During the Commonwealth period theimmigration of the cavaliers who were adherents of theroyal cause h
Our first century . in the gov-ernment. It was a time of acrimonious disputes betweenreligious denominations. There were arrests and execu-tions, and at last, in 1642 an open civil war began. Sevenyears later that war ended in the dethronement and be-heading of the king, Charles I. Then Oliver Cromwell became Protector of the Com-monwealth, for England no longer had a king, and Crom-well by virtue of his victories had become supreme. In 1660 the monarchy was restored and Charles IIbecame king. During the Commonwealth period theimmigration of the cavaliers who were adherents of theroyal cause had swelled the population of Virgina from 115 116 OUR FIRST CENTURY about seven thousand five hundred souls to more thanthirty thousand. But apart from that, there had beenalmost no emigration to the colonies. Englishmen hadquite enough to occupy them at home. Soon after the reign of Charles II began, a new effortwas made to extend the British occupation of America. By the kings decree the southern part of what was. VLF OFMEXICO Carolina by the grant of 1663. then called Virginia was cut off from the colony in theyear 1663, and was granted to eight courtiers and favoritesof the king. In honor of their sovereign and benefactorthey adopted for the region given to them the name Car-olina, which the French had already bestowed upon it. The territory thus granted included practically thewhole of the present states of North and South Carolina THE PEOPLING OF CAROLINA 117 with indefinite extensions westward. It was a vast regionextending from tlie sea on the east, across the mountains,and far into the west. Its soil was rich and its cUmatefavorable in different parts to every form of agricul-ture. Except for one little settlement in the extreme north-eastern corner of that territory, on Albemarle Sound,this region was wholly uninhabited except by the one little colony was an offshoot from consisted of a company of men and women led thitherby a preacher named R
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