. Bulletin - United States National Museum. Science. Figure 15.— Geological Survey camp at Emliudo, X. Mex., from 1888-89. Xote Colo- rado-type current meter held at center of group. Frederick H. Newell, the chief of the party, stands, profile to camera, in the back row, holding a leveling rod. (Photo courtesy of Geological Survey.) The act of Congress under which the Irrigation Survey had been created was interpreted by Major Powell as calling for a relatively quick reconnaissance of a huge area (some 1,300,000 square miles) of arid public lands and a subsequent report to Congress on
. Bulletin - United States National Museum. Science. Figure 15.— Geological Survey camp at Emliudo, X. Mex., from 1888-89. Xote Colo- rado-type current meter held at center of group. Frederick H. Newell, the chief of the party, stands, profile to camera, in the back row, holding a leveling rod. (Photo courtesy of Geological Survey.) The act of Congress under which the Irrigation Survey had been created was interpreted by Major Powell as calling for a relatively quick reconnaissance of a huge area (some 1,300,000 square miles) of arid public lands and a subsequent report to Congress on the extent and location of the particular parcels on which irrigation appeared to be practicable and economical. As soon as the report was delivered, the purpose of the act was to have been accomplished, and any stream-gaging programs started under it would terminate automatically. Such being the circum- stances, Newell found it necessary to write the follow- ing advice to all of the hydrographers in the Irrigation Survey on August 22, 1890: The Conference Committee finally came to an agree- ment \-esterday. The bill provides (only) 5325,000 for topography, one-half of which is to be expended west of the 101st meridian. By this, the Irrigation Survey is brought to a close as far as the engineering and hydro- graphic divisions are concerned. The hydrographers then turned over their equipment, mules, and horses to the nearest topographic field parties and either sought new employment or were assigned to other duties in the Survey. Newell was one of those retained in the Survey's employ. Except for a few special incidents, no stream- gaging activities were carried on by the Geological Survey for several years. Newell's salary was paid out of topographic funds, but his major activities appear to have been associated with exploiting as many of such special incidents as he was able to bring to light. A crisis occurred when Major Powell announced that he would resign as director of
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