. Forestry. l beetles, amongstthem Calosoma s^cophanta, Calosoma inquisitor, lady-birds{Coccinellido), and tiger-beetles (CicindeUdo^. As parasites,the Ichneumon flies render good service : Microgaster nemorumand Microgaster glomcratus lay their eggs in the body of thePine Moth larva. Anomalon circumflcxum is another andfrequently occurring ichneumon, whose habits are altogetherbeneficial through the killing of destructive caterpillars, andof the true flies {Diptera), the genus Tachina supplies severalspecies which are very active in this direction. 88 FORESTRY Protection Against Fungoid Disea
. Forestry. l beetles, amongstthem Calosoma s^cophanta, Calosoma inquisitor, lady-birds{Coccinellido), and tiger-beetles (CicindeUdo^. As parasites,the Ichneumon flies render good service : Microgaster nemorumand Microgaster glomcratus lay their eggs in the body of thePine Moth larva. Anomalon circumflcxum is another andfrequently occurring ichneumon, whose habits are altogetherbeneficial through the killing of destructive caterpillars, andof the true flies {Diptera), the genus Tachina supplies severalspecies which are very active in this direction. 88 FORESTRY Protection Against Fungoid Diseases As enemies of the forest, parasitic fungi have to be reckonedwith amongst our most dreaded pests. Trees are harmed byother forms of plant life, but by none so severely as by are the more to be feared because in many cases it ispractically impossible to combat, or, at least, cure, theirattacks. Only the more important pests are here considered. The honey agaric, Agaricus melleus (Fig. 20). This. FIG. 20. SCOTS PINE KILLED BY AGARICUS MELLEUS a, l>, c. Rhizomorph strands, i, c, bear sporophores, some of which are , d. Cluster of sporophores-arising from the mycelium in the cortex. fungus preys upon Scots Pine, Spruce, Larch, and otherconifers, and occurs saprophytically on broad-leaved trees. FOREST PROTECTION 89 As a parasite on conifers, it proves fatal to young and oldtrees alike. The fine white mycelium between the wood andthe bark, the black rhixomorphs and the clotted mass of earthand resin adhering to the roots and collar, serve to determinethe fungus in the absence of the yellow or honey-colouredcaps which appear in late autumn. The strong mycelialstrands or rhizomorphs extend under the surface of theground in search of healthy roots, which they pierce andenter, to the destruction of the plant ; also infection isbrought about by spores from the fructifications. Prevention : Pull up and burn infected young conifers. Pendcrmliim Pint corticola. O
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