. A manual of injurious insects with methods of prevention and remedy for their attacks to food crops, forest trees, and fruit. To which is appended a short introduction to entomology . ed. In cases where the galls are formed in clusters ofthree or four to perhaps eight or ten it is desirable to cut theshoot off below the cluster. If the galls are cut oft whilstthey are still soft and young, there is no need to take thetrouble to burn them ; they will dry and shrivel, and themaggot within will perish. The encouragement of the TomTit, or Blue-headed Titmouse, and also of the Black-headedTitmous
. A manual of injurious insects with methods of prevention and remedy for their attacks to food crops, forest trees, and fruit. To which is appended a short introduction to entomology . ed. In cases where the galls are formed in clusters ofthree or four to perhaps eight or ten it is desirable to cut theshoot off below the cluster. If the galls are cut oft whilstthey are still soft and young, there is no need to take thetrouble to burn them ; they will dry and shrivel, and themaggot within will perish. The encouragement of the TomTit, or Blue-headed Titmouse, and also of the Black-headedTitmouse, is an excellent means of prevention of increase ofthese Gall Flies in Oak nurseries. Where galls are numerousthese birds are of great service, by making a rough hole in thegall and picking out the contained maggot. Other larvas or maggots, besides that of the (7? kollari,are often to be found in these galls, sometimes what areknown as inquilines, or fellow-lodgers, which are dispersedin small cells through the substance of the gall; sometimesparasite larvjc, feeding on the larva of Cynips kollari in thelarge central cell. Common Spangle Gall. NcnroUnis Icnticidaris, Common Spangle Gall on Oak leaf, nat. size and iiia^iiilied; also insection, magniiled. 238 Oak. The gall of the Neuroterus lenticularis is distinguishablefrom the four other kinds of Spangle Gall found in Britain byits somewhat larger size, and also by being raised in thecentre and hairy. It sometimes occurs in great quantities onthe backs of Oak leaves, but rarely to an extent to causeserious damage. In the above short notes I have not alluded to the varia-tions of form which may exist, or may be supposed to exist,in alternate generations of various of the Cynipiche, as theseare rather points of curious speculation than serviceable forgeneral use. Oak Leaf-roller Moth. Tortrix viridmia, Linn.
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, bookidmanualofinju, bookyear1890
