. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. 192 AORTA. terfere with the full distension of the auricles. Aneurisms of the transverse portion of the aorta, when directed forwards, usually project at the right side of the sternum about the second intercostal space : when the sac extends upwards towards the neck, it frequently be- comes a matter of extreme difficulty to dis tinguish an aneurism of the aorta from an aneurism of the innominata or some other large arterial trunk in the neighbourhood; cases are on record, where the pressure of such aneurisms of the aorta
. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. 192 AORTA. terfere with the full distension of the auricles. Aneurisms of the transverse portion of the aorta, when directed forwards, usually project at the right side of the sternum about the second intercostal space : when the sac extends upwards towards the neck, it frequently be- comes a matter of extreme difficulty to dis tinguish an aneurism of the aorta from an aneurism of the innominata or some other large arterial trunk in the neighbourhood; cases are on record, where the pressure of such aneurisms of the aorta caused obliteration of the subclavian and common carotid. When aneurisms extend backwards, they produce a variety of effects, interfering with respiration and deglutition from their pressure on the trachea and oesophagus, sometimes producing obliteration of the thoracic duct. The pres- sure produced by aneurisms of the thoracic and abdominal aorta occasionally cause ab- sorption of the bodies of the vertebrae, and give rise to an appearance not very dissimilar to that produced by caries. Aneurisms of the arch of the aorta do not so often terminate fatally by making their way through the anterior parietes of the chest, and opening externally as by bursting internally : when they occur in that part of the arch of the aorta covered by the pericardium, they most usually burst into the sac of that membrane; cases are recorded in which aneurisms of the aorta have burst into the pulmonary arterv,* or, taking a direction backwards, have opened into the trachea, oesophagus, or the substance of the lungs. Aneurisms of the thoracic por- tion of the aorta sometimes burst into the left pleura, sometimes into the posterior medi- astinum : they have been known to point at the left side of the spine, after having caused ab- sorption of the heads of the ribs and sides of the bodies of the vertebrae. In two cases observed by Laennec and Mr. Chandler, aneu- rism of the thoracic aorta burst into
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