Chambers's encyclopædia; a dictionary of universal knowledge . cided, expressing the |jartthey bore in the support of the roof; how the NavePiers (q. V.) were gradually subdi^-ided into parts,each shatt bearing on a separate cap a separateportion of the vaulting; how the buttresses weredeveloped as they were reqiured to resist the thrustof the groins concentrated on points; and howthe^ flying buttresses were forced upon the Gothicarchitects much against their will, as a mode ofsupporting the arches of the roof. The history of the latter is very curious. Thethrust of the tunnel-vault was someti
Chambers's encyclopædia; a dictionary of universal knowledge . cided, expressing the |jartthey bore in the support of the roof; how the NavePiers (q. V.) were gradually subdi^-ided into parts,each shatt bearing on a separate cap a separateportion of the vaulting; how the buttresses weredeveloped as they were reqiured to resist the thrustof the groins concentrated on points; and howthe^ flying buttresses were forced upon the Gothicarchitects much against their will, as a mode ofsupporting the arches of the roof. The history of the latter is very curious. Thethrust of the tunnel-vault was sometimes resistedby half tunnel-vaults over the side-aisles (see fig. 5).These, therefore, required to be high, and a gallerywas usually introduced. In the Narthex atVezelay (tig. 8) we have this gallery with thevaidting used as a counterpoise to that of the is a tine example of vaidting in the transition24 state, the vaidting of the gallery resists the mainvault, as in tig. 5, and is at the same time leaves rather a weak point opposite the. Fig. 8. transverse arches, and to strengthen these, fljingbuttresses ^e introduced, which timidly shew them-selves above the roof. The galleries were, in laterexamples, dispensed with to admit of larger cleres-tory windows, and the fl3-ing-buttresses were leftstanding free. The architects linding them indis-pensable, then turned their attention to render themornamentaL Pinnacles may also be shewn to owetheir origin to their use : they acted as weights tosteady the buttresses and piers. We shall, imdertheir separate heads, point out how each elementof Gothic architecture was in the strictest senseconstructional, the decoration being in haimonyAvith its actual use, or as Pugin has said, decoratedconstruction not constructed decoration. The full development of Gothic vaulting, whichwas the forerunner of the whole style, was firstcarried out in the royal domain in France about themiddle of the 12th century. The Xormans hadset
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