Scientific and applied pharmacognosy intended for the use of students in pharmacy, as a hand book for pharmacists, and as a reference book for food and drug analysts and pharmacologists . Fig. 279.—Commercial cinchona barks: 1, 2, 3, yellow cinchona having trans-verse fissures; 4, 5, red cinchona, the former showing longitudinal furrows;6, 7, Loxa bark (Cinchona pallida); 8, flat bark (Cinchona calisaya). Abouti actual size. About 80 per cent of the Cinchona bark of commerce is nowobtained from trees cultivated in Java. It is estimated that about6,000,000 K. of Cinchona bark are annually expor
Scientific and applied pharmacognosy intended for the use of students in pharmacy, as a hand book for pharmacists, and as a reference book for food and drug analysts and pharmacologists . Fig. 279.—Commercial cinchona barks: 1, 2, 3, yellow cinchona having trans-verse fissures; 4, 5, red cinchona, the former showing longitudinal furrows;6, 7, Loxa bark (Cinchona pallida); 8, flat bark (Cinchona calisaya). Abouti actual size. About 80 per cent of the Cinchona bark of commerce is nowobtained from trees cultivated in Java. It is estimated that about6,000,000 K. of Cinchona bark are annually exported from thisIsland alone. India furnishes about 1,000,000 K. annually andabout 1,000,000 K. are produced by the remaining countries, Ceylon,Africa and South America. Red Cinchona.—Usually in double quills or rolled pieces whichare cut into lengths from 25 to 40 cm. in length, 15 to 20 mm. indiameter, bark 2 to 5 mm. in thickness; outer surface reddish or dark CINCHONA 635 brown, with grayish patches of foliaceous lichens, longitudinallywrinkled, with few usually widely separated transverse fissures;inner surface reddish-brown, distinctly striate; fracture smooth in. Fig. 280.—Typical specimens of Cinchona succiruba from Java. From a photo-graph by Powers-Weightman-Rosengarten Co., Philadelphia. periderm, in inner bark with projecting bast fibers; odor distinct;taste bitter, astringent. Inner Structure.—See Figs. 280 and 281. 636 SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED PHARMACOGNOSY Powder.—(Fig. 282.) Light brown; bast fibers spindle-shaped,yellowish, to mm. in length, with thick, strongly lignified,lamellated walls having slit-like, oblique pores; sphenoidal micro-crystals of calcium oxalate numerous; parenchymatous cells with B
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1920, bookpublishernewyo, bookyear1920
