. A manual of structural botany; an introductory textbook for students of science and pharmacy. Plant morphology. 156 EXTENSIONS AND APPENDAGES OF THE STEM branches. This gives us the forked or Bifurcating form of sympodium, often called dichotomous, though this term refers strictly to one in which forking is caused by the vertical division of a terminal cell. Superficial Appendages to Stems.—Besides modified or unmodified leaves or branches, stems may develop various other appendages. When these are merely superficial, they are called Trichomes. The characters of trichomes upon stems or leave
. A manual of structural botany; an introductory textbook for students of science and pharmacy. Plant morphology. 156 EXTENSIONS AND APPENDAGES OF THE STEM branches. This gives us the forked or Bifurcating form of sympodium, often called dichotomous, though this term refers strictly to one in which forking is caused by the vertical division of a terminal cell. Superficial Appendages to Stems.—Besides modified or unmodified leaves or branches, stems may develop various other appendages. When these are merely superficial, they are called Trichomes. The characters of trichomes upon stems or leaves, particularly the latter, are of the utmost importance in diagnosis. Their study, however, save as to the surface characters which they collectively produce, pertains to histology. The gross surface character so produced will be taken up in connection with the Fig. 436. Aculeate stem of Chaetaea. a, hooked prickles. Emergences or Outgrowths.—When appendages are of deeper origin they are called Outgrowths or Emergences. These may contain Aascular tissue, connected with that of the stem. Outgrowths are, for the most part, in the form of spines, hooks (Fig. 436, a), warts, suckers (Fig. 459, a, in this illustration a modified stem), or grasping organs. Usually organs of this kind are the results of modifications of other organs, rather than outgrowths. Both trichomes and outgrowths may be regularly or irregularly Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Rusby, Henry Hurd, 1855-. Philadelphia and New York, Lea & Febiger
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