The village community : with special reference to the origin and form of its survivals in Britain . tiquaries of Scotland, vol. v. p. 201. In Ireland the following : UlsterJotcrnal of Archeology, vol. vi. pp. 212-221, 363 ; Statistical Survey ofRoscommon, p. 654 ; Gentlemans Magazine, 1855, vol. ii. pp. 136-140 ;Lithgows Travels, 1619, p. 411. 284 SURVIVALS IN LOCAL CUSTOM. ploughs follow one another. For each crop the ground is pre-pared by being ploughed up a certain number of times. ^ Thisis very instructive information. In the first place, it sets forththe intermediate stages of co-operati
The village community : with special reference to the origin and form of its survivals in Britain . tiquaries of Scotland, vol. v. p. 201. In Ireland the following : UlsterJotcrnal of Archeology, vol. vi. pp. 212-221, 363 ; Statistical Survey ofRoscommon, p. 654 ; Gentlemans Magazine, 1855, vol. ii. pp. 136-140 ;Lithgows Travels, 1619, p. 411. 284 SURVIVALS IN LOCAL CUSTOM. ploughs follow one another. For each crop the ground is pre-pared by being ploughed up a certain number of times. ^ Thisis very instructive information. In the first place, it sets forththe intermediate stages of co-operative ploughing before theestablishment of the heavy plough with a team of eight oxen ;it also enables us to identify this as the earliest Anglo-Saxonpractice. In the Harley Psalter, a manuscript of the eleventhcentury, is a drawing, in colour, of a man ploughing with avery crude wheel-less plough drawn by two oxen, directedsimply by the goad, with no head gear or driver, and this maybe compared with the rock drawing at Tegneby, in Bohuslanin This is not the only early drawing showing the. ANGLO-SAXON TWO-OXEN PLOUGH TEAM.{From the Harlcian BIS.) two-oxen plough among the Anglo-Saxons, and one instance ishere figured. It disproves the strict uniformity of Anglo-Saxon agricultural practices, and once more turns us backfrom a more advanced type to a backward type—from an eight-oxen plough team, with all its accompaniment of rights andprivileges in the common field, to the two-oxen plough team,with its significant rudeness of structure and use, and its morethan probable use prescribed after the manner of its Indianprototype. There is certainly no room to argue for a uni-formity of practice with such evidence before us, and it con-firms the evidence elsewhere given that we must turn backupon more primitive institutions and more primitive com-munities for some of the lost facts in the English evidence. Carmichael, loc. cit. ~ Du Chaillus Land of the Mulnight Sun, vol. i. p.
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