. The geographical distribution of the family Charadriidae, or the plovers, sandpipers, snipes, and their allies . 5 (adult) to -4(juv.) inch long. Breast of adult f Black and chestnutcrossed hj-(two bands: I Both black . asiaticus montanus . wilsoni . geoffroyi. obscurus • .. frontalis • • mongolicus. >- Legs and feet pale. Middle toe and claw 1^inches long. Bill bent sideways. Upper tail-coverts nearlyblack. Young in first plumage of C. mongolicus and C. bicinctus are very difficult to distin-guish, and it is not absolutely certain that they can in all cases be dist
. The geographical distribution of the family Charadriidae, or the plovers, sandpipers, snipes, and their allies . 5 (adult) to -4(juv.) inch long. Breast of adult f Black and chestnutcrossed hj-(two bands: I Both black . asiaticus montanus . wilsoni . geoffroyi. obscurus • .. frontalis • • mongolicus. >- Legs and feet pale. Middle toe and claw 1^inches long. Bill bent sideways. Upper tail-coverts nearlyblack. Young in first plumage of C. mongolicus and C. bicinctus are very difficult to distin-guish, and it is not absolutely certain that they can in all cases be distinguished. The billof C. mongolicus is generally, but not always in young birds, stouter than that of C. length of tail is a better character, though it also is not always reliable in the case ofyoung birds; but if it exceed two inches the bird may be referred to C. bicinctus, and if itfall short of that dimension it probably belongs to a young bird of C. mongolicus. In bothspecies adults have longer tails. 144 CHAEADEIUS. *s* Subgeneric group JEgialopldli Old- World CHARADRIUS ASIATICUS. CASPIAN SAND-PLOVER. Diagnosis. Charadrius, subgen. AZgialophili majores, pedibus pallidis : loris albis. Synonymy. Literature. Specificcharacters. Variations. No local races of this species are known. Charadrius asiaticus, Pallas, Reise Russ. Reichs, ii. p. 715 (1773).Charadrius easpius, Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. ii. p. 136 (1826).Charadrius jugularis, Wagler, Syst. Av. p. 69 (1827). Eudromias asiaticus (Pall.), Keyserling u. Blasius, JVirb. Eur. p. lxx (1840).Charadrius damarensis, Strickland, Contrib. Om. 1852, p. caspius (Pall), Bonap. Compt. Rend, xliii. p. 417 (1856).Morinellus asiaticus (Pall.), Degland §■ Gerbe, Om. Eur. ii. p. 132 (1867). Plates.—Harting, Ibis, 1870, pi. v. (legs wrongly coloured) ; Dresser, Birds of Europe, rii. pi. —Dresser, Birds of Europe, vii. p. —Middeudorff, Sib. Reise, ii. p
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