A treatise on architecture and building construction . long, bracing arches canusually be thrown from one wall to another, as shown inFig. 42. Here a shows the area wall; b, the concretebottom of the area itself; r, the bracing arch, shown in thiscase as a segmental arch made of three courses of brick; d,the brick filling on top of the arch; and c, the area coping. TVINDOAV AND ENTRAISTCE AREAS. 111. These are not Strictly a part of the foundations,but are usually made part of the same contract, and builtat the same time and in the same manner as the foundationwalls. All window areas should be
A treatise on architecture and building construction . long, bracing arches canusually be thrown from one wall to another, as shown inFig. 42. Here a shows the area wall; b, the concretebottom of the area itself; r, the bracing arch, shown in thiscase as a segmental arch made of three courses of brick; d,the brick filling on top of the arch; and c, the area coping. TVINDOAV AND ENTRAISTCE AREAS. 111. These are not Strictly a part of the foundations,but are usually made part of the same contract, and builtat the same time and in the same manner as the foundationwalls. All window areas should be of good size so as to obstructthe light as little as possible. When small cellar windows 58 MAvSONRY are not sunk more than 2 feet below the grade line, a smallsemicircular area, as shown in Fig. 43, will give the mostsatisfaction for a small cost. At a is shown the foundationwall of the building; at b, the window and window openingthrough the wall; at c, the area; and at d, the semicirculararea wall, in this case an 8-inch brick wall. When the area. Fio. 43. is 3 or 4 feet deep and the same in length and width, thebrick wall should be at least 12 inches thick, and if a stonewall is built, it should be 18 inches thick. The coping of areas should be stone flagging laid incement. This flagging is usually bluestone, granite, or blueVermont marble, as freestones and all other porous stonesare not suitable for area or wall copings. The flagging isgenerally from 2 to 24 inches thick, and projects 1 inch overthe face of the wall. If good coping stone is found tooexpensive, Portland cement mortar, made of equal parts ofcement and sharp sand, laid on about 1 inch thick, may beused in place of the stone. 112. All areas should, if possible, be drained, in orderto dispose of rain water and melted snow. To do this effec-tually, the bottom of the area should be made of cementmortar, laid in the proportion of 1 part cement to 1 partsand, or of stone flagging, or even of brick laid in cement,
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