Horse-shoes and horse-shoeing : their origin, history, uses, and abuses . VARIETIES OF SHOES. 449 inner border, and seated like the Englisli shoe (fig. i66).8. Shoe with buttons, orraised catches, on theinner branch, and thick-ened on the heel of thesame side (fig. \6y). shoe which has theinside heel and quartermuch thicker and nar-rower than usual (). 10. A shoe withcrests or points towardsthe ground surface on thetoe and quarter, and /v/r-httes at the heels (). 11. A shoe withthe calkins doubled over,and provided with rings(fig. 170). 12. The footsurface of a shoe with theh
Horse-shoes and horse-shoeing : their origin, history, uses, and abuses . VARIETIES OF SHOES. 449 inner border, and seated like the Englisli shoe (fig. i66).8. Shoe with buttons, orraised catches, on theinner branch, and thick-ened on the heel of thesame side (fig. \6y). shoe which has theinside heel and quartermuch thicker and nar-rower than usual (). 10. A shoe withcrests or points towardsthe ground surface on thetoe and quarter, and /v/r-httes at the heels (). 11. A shoe withthe calkins doubled over,and provided with rings(fig. 170). 12. The footsurface of a shoe with theheels turning up towardsthe foot (fig. 171). with two calkins(fig. 172). 14. A Ira-shoe (fig. 173). 15. A jointed shoe, to suit any sizedfoot (fig. 174). 16. A jointed shoe without nails, andsecured by the lateral border and the heel-screw (). 17. A hind-shoe with calkins (fig. 176). shoe with one of the branches greatly thickened atthe heel (fig. 177). 19. A hind-shoe with a crest or toe-piece (fig. 178). 20. A hind-shoe with the toe elongated 29. 4jO HORSE-SHOES AND HORSE-SHOEING. and curled upwards, probably for a foot the back tendonsof which were contracted, and caused the horse to walkon the point of the toe (iig. 179). In Germany, the first veterinary treatises published inwhich shoeing is mentioned are those by Albrecht, desKaiser Friederich huffschmid ; Horwart von Hoherb-burg;^ and Seuter.^ There does not appear to be any-thing novel on the subject in these works, beyond whatwe have already epitomized from the Italian writers. In 1598 appeared the excellent treatise of Carlo Ruini,a Senator of Bologna, on the anatomy and diseases of thehorse ;^ in which the maladies and defects of the feet werespecially considered, and in a manner truly wonderful, forthat time. Indeed, his instructions for the relief or cureof many foot maladies by shoeing are repeated in moderndays. From his descriptions, we learn that the cruel andunscientific fashion of o/)e«/;z
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