. Electric railway journal . thas made plain beyond the possibility of misconstructionthe actuating ideas behind the extension by the companyof the limited 5-cent fare service. The trustees haveclearly in mind building up the property so that it willbe of the greatest public service, but they state definitelythat the 5-cent service cannot be continued if it inter-feres with or delays an otherwise possible reduction ofthe basic flat fare for travel throughout the a reasonable test prove that this service invadesor seriously threatens an invasion of the net revenues ofthe railway,
. Electric railway journal . thas made plain beyond the possibility of misconstructionthe actuating ideas behind the extension by the companyof the limited 5-cent fare service. The trustees haveclearly in mind building up the property so that it willbe of the greatest public service, but they state definitelythat the 5-cent service cannot be continued if it inter-feres with or delays an otherwise possible reduction ofthe basic flat fare for travel throughout the a reasonable test prove that this service invadesor seriously threatens an invasion of the net revenues ofthe railway, the trustees say they will be forced toadvance the local 5-cent fare or else to abandon theexperiment. August 20, 1921 Electric Railway Journal 269 Downtown Substation in San Francisco The Market Street Railway Has Constructed a New Substation for the Heavy Traffic District ofSan Francisco to Take Care of Excessive Voltage DropsDuring the Peak Hours By J. E. Woodbridge Resident Engineer Ford, Bacon & Davis, San Francisco. Interior op Substation with Equipment in Operation AS IN most large cities, the substations and 600-voltJ-\ feeder system of the United Railroads of San■L Francisco grew out of old steam plants, poorlylocated for supplying the most congested portion of theload. The downtown district of San Francisco, includ-ing the heavy traffic of four tracks on lower MarketStreet, has been until recently supplied largely from theBryant Street substation (originally a steam plant)situated some 20,000 ft. from the ferry. In spite of a large tonnage of feeders, the voltagedrop during the peak hour from 5 to 6 would runas high as 250 volts, giving a loss of approximately2,000 kw. wasted in heating overhead copper and trackreturn. The United Railroads of San Francisco bought energyunder a contract rate of $ per thousand kilowatt-hours at 11,000 volts, with a guaranteed load factor of60 per cent. As this load factor is not reached, thebasis of the contract becomes power
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