. A text-book in general physiology and anatomy. Physiology, Comparative; Anatomy. BACTBEIA AS LIVING CELLS 495. nite shaped cells. Thus, bacillus tuberculosis is the name given to the particular bacterium which causes tubercu- losis. In this name the bacillus refers to the shape of the cell (bacillus = rod shaped), while the second name indi- cates the specific action of this form. Similarly, stophylococcus pyogenes means spherical cells producing pus formation. Spirillum volutans means corkscrew-shaped cells which whirl in their motion through liquids, etc. (See Fig. 230). Bacteria as living
. A text-book in general physiology and anatomy. Physiology, Comparative; Anatomy. BACTBEIA AS LIVING CELLS 495. nite shaped cells. Thus, bacillus tuberculosis is the name given to the particular bacterium which causes tubercu- losis. In this name the bacillus refers to the shape of the cell (bacillus = rod shaped), while the second name indi- cates the specific action of this form. Similarly, stophylococcus pyogenes means spherical cells producing pus formation. Spirillum volutans means corkscrew-shaped cells which whirl in their motion through liquids, etc. (See Fig. 230). Bacteria as living cells. — Bacteria contain no chlorophyll (or green col- oring matter) and, therefore, cannot make starch. On this account they must find their food ready made. Living organisms which obtain their food at the expense of other organ- isms are called parasites, and the liv- ing organisms upon which they live are called their hosts. If, however, the source of food be no longer living, as was the case of the chopped hay in the tube, the organism which feeds upon it is called a saprophyte. Bacteria are all para- sites or saprophytes. Those which take their food from living cells, such as the diphtheria and consumption forrrs, belong to the parasitic forms, while those which live upon dead matter, such as dead animal or plant structures, belong to the saprophytic forms. Like all living cells, bacteria take in food and oxygen, and give out wastes. They are rendered inactive by cold and the presence of certain chemicals, while most of them are Fig, 229 —Bacteria, highly magnitied; a, the germ of typhoid fever, stained to show the cilia; h, a spiral ciliated form; c, a rod-shaped form, in chains; d, a spherical form.— a, b, from Eno- LEB and Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Eddy, Walter
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