. American engineer and railroad journal . wo la steel anus which are riveted i the pre end sill chi I, thus forming a si i ong I Mr. Summers frieUds were yerj J when he proposed io build a car without centre sills, bui a gondola and a boppercar of his design, without center sills, have been in the moatsevere service since June, 1902, and have shown no sign gravity dump cat a capacity of i 10 cubic yards: is 31 ft. G ins. long. :i ft. 6 ins. high and it is patented by Mr. E. W. Sum- mers of Iiitsburg. BULGINJ AND CRACKING OF FIREBOX SHEETS. Two explanations are usually advanced t
. American engineer and railroad journal . wo la steel anus which are riveted i the pre end sill chi I, thus forming a si i ong I Mr. Summers frieUds were yerj J when he proposed io build a car without centre sills, bui a gondola and a boppercar of his design, without center sills, have been in the moatsevere service since June, 1902, and have shown no sign gravity dump cat a capacity of i 10 cubic yards: is 31 ft. G ins. long. :i ft. 6 ins. high and it is patented by Mr. E. W. Sum- mers of Iiitsburg. BULGINJ AND CRACKING OF FIREBOX SHEETS. Two explanations are usually advanced to account for thebulging ami cracking of firebox sheets in service. First- That the bulging is caused by gradual burning ofsheets In Bervice at points at which the heat is concentratedor at which incrustations form. Second—That the bulging and cracking is caused by thestrain put upon the sheet by the contraction of the mud ring,while the upper portion of the firebox is still hot, the unequalstrain causing the sheets to bulge and THE BI I el \c oi FIREBOX No doubt cracking and bulging will result from either orboth of these causes, though In very tew Instances are thesheets subject to a slou process of burning, for tests of metali in from the bulges show very little deterioration. Whenthe strains Induced by the expansion and contraction of thebeets are considered, surprise is excited, not because thesheets crack, but because they do not always crack. If thesheet rapidly transmits the heat to the water and assumesHie same temperature—about (legs.—the expansion be-tween stays of Jin centers would be 375 ■ .000007 X 4 = .012in. This is apparently slight, but If the slays held the plate perfectly rigid it would cause the plate to bulge ) 2= .16 in. The metal would be strained beyond its elasticlimit and would be permanently deformed. The pressure equivalent to this amount of bulging on a %-in. plate withstays I In. centers has been shown by the U
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectrailroadengineering
