The king of the Achaemenid dynasty of Persia, Xerxes I (519-465 BC), in 483 BC (Second Persian invasion of Greece) built The Xerxes Canal, navigable canal through the base of the Mount Athos peninsula, northern Greece. The rough sea broke it apart. Frustrated and enraged, Xerxes ordered that the Hellespont (Dardanelles) received three hundred scourges with a chain. Chromolithography. La Civilizacion (The Civilization), volume II, 1881.

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