. California fish and game. Fisheries -- California; Game and game-birds -- California; Fishes -- California; Animal Population Groups; Pêches; Gibier; Poissons. 182 CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME. accounted for by the lateness of the study, as mosquitoes have largely disappeared by August, through other causes. Chirouomid larvJE are always abundant, for they have gills and not being compelled to come to the surface to breathe, as are mosquitoes, they live on the bottom and in trash where they have more protection from their ene- miles. The mosquito larvae being compelled to live at the surface, whe
. California fish and game. Fisheries -- California; Game and game-birds -- California; Fishes -- California; Animal Population Groups; Pêches; Gibier; Poissons. 182 CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME. accounted for by the lateness of the study, as mosquitoes have largely disappeared by August, through other causes. Chirouomid larvJE are always abundant, for they have gills and not being compelled to come to the surface to breathe, as are mosquitoes, they live on the bottom and in trash where they have more protection from their ene- miles. The mosquito larvae being compelled to live at the surface, where they are easily seen, are probably cleaned up l)y the fish early in the season. At the time (August) of the writer's visit, mosquitoes were not troublesome at Laws, for the evenings were usually spent under the trees in the hotel yard, where entertainment was furnished by the hotel phonograph. Furthermore, the various individuals inter- viewed were positive that mosquitoes were never bad in the Owens Valley. If so, the condition is very different from that which exists in other irrigated sections of the West, for mosquitoes are usually one of the unpleas- ant features of irrigated pasture land. The stickle-back, another small fish, has been tried as a mosquito exterminator, in parts of the state, with some success, but only a thorough trial can show whether this top-minnow can be used in territory outside of Owens Valley. Probably it can be of use in any permanent fresh-water marshland in the state, up to 3,000 or 4,000 feet elevation. Top-minnows of other species have been introduced with considerable success into Hawaii to combat Fig. 64. A chironomid fly. These flies are close rela- tives of the mosquitoes and breed in all running and stagnant water. ABALONE PEARL FORMATION. By J. H. Oliver. Every one along the Pacific Coast is familiar with the abalone blister pearl (pholas caused) commonly seen in jewelry store windows. These are natural pearls taken from
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