. Steel rails; their history, properties, strength and manufacture, with notes on the principles of rolling stock and track design . tingrail wear which enables specimens of rails to undergo wear similar to that im-posed upon them by every description of traffic, but in a much shorter time thanif tried in the ordinary road. The rails are fixed to a 20-foot diameter circularframe, three specimens being included in the circle. Two standard 33-inchwheels having independent axles fixed at each end of a heavy casting, which ispivoted at the center of the circle, run upon the rails at speeds up to 8
. Steel rails; their history, properties, strength and manufacture, with notes on the principles of rolling stock and track design . tingrail wear which enables specimens of rails to undergo wear similar to that im-posed upon them by every description of traffic, but in a much shorter time thanif tried in the ordinary road. The rails are fixed to a 20-foot diameter circularframe, three specimens being included in the circle. Two standard 33-inchwheels having independent axles fixed at each end of a heavy casting, which ispivoted at the center of the circle, run upon the rails at speeds up to 85 revolu-tions per minute, equivalent to a train speed of about 60 miles per hour. Thereare devices by which, through means of springs, pressure is exerted vertically andalso centrifugally on the rail, so that the action of the load can be imitated, aswell as that of its lateral pressure on the rail, and the effect produced by continu-ous wear on the rails of different manufacture and composition can be estimatedin a comparatively short time. * Railway and Engineering Review, Chicago, 190S, Vol. XLVIII, p. 868. 304 STEEL RAILS. Fig. 214. — Machine for Testing Rail Wear at Pennsylvania Steel Company. Extensive tests have beenmade of the tensile strength ofthe steel in the rail by Mr. M. , Engineer of Testsof the Rail Committee of theAmerican Railway EngineeringAssociation, covering rails rolledat Gary and at the LackawannaSteel Company. The rails from the Garyworks were open-hearth steeland 100-pound, A. R. A., TypeB section. The ingots furnishedsix rails, which were letteredA, B, C, D, E, F, the A railscoming from the top of theingot, etc. Tensile tests were made of pieces ^-inch diameter by 2-inch gauge length, cut from near the top end of each rail, as shown T^ o^r T^- f T> , T^ . T^ 1 rp , ^ Fig. 215. Flvc locatlotts in l<ia. 215. — Diagram of Round lest Pieces; Tensile Tests on Rail Steel. (Wickhorst.) the sections were selected as
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