. The encyclopædia of geography: comprising a complete description of the earth, physical, statistical, civil, and political. it ofMenai bridge. any western nation. The greatest undertaking of this kind yet executed is the Menai Bridge {fig. 137.), over the strait whichseparates Wales from Anglesea. Arches of masonry on each side, at the distance of fivehundred and sixty feet, are united by a bridge of suspension, composed of iron chains. Sect. VI.—Civil and Social population of England in former times was imperfectly known, being calculated onlyfrom very vague surveys and estimates.
. The encyclopædia of geography: comprising a complete description of the earth, physical, statistical, civil, and political. it ofMenai bridge. any western nation. The greatest undertaking of this kind yet executed is the Menai Bridge {fig. 137.), over the strait whichseparates Wales from Anglesea. Arches of masonry on each side, at the distance of fivehundred and sixty feet, are united by a bridge of suspension, composed of iron chains. Sect. VI.—Civil and Social population of England in former times was imperfectly known, being calculated onlyfrom very vague surveys and estimates. In 1377 the results of a poll-tax were given as2,300,000 ; but from the many evasions to which such a census would give rise, that numberwas probably below the truth. In the reign of Elizabeth, during the alarm of a menacedSpanish invasion in 1575, a pretty careful survey was made, the result of which gave 4,500, the time of the Revolution, the increase appeared to be about a million.* From the com-mencement of the present century decennial enumerations have been made, of which thefollowing are the results:—. Population,ISOl. per cent. Population,ISU. per cent. Population,1621. Increasepercent. lopulation,IS31. 8,331,434541,.546 470,598 13 9,551,8*^8611,788640,500 17 11,261,437717,438319,300 1612 13,,017 ,578 27f 10,604,170 34J 12,298,175 28 14,180,591 * Population of the British Empire and Colonies. Great Britain and Ireland 24,311,834 Nnilli American Colonies 1,300,000 West India African (10 Asiatic 1,000,000 Australian •. Bast India Company 123,000,000 Total 150,806,834 [Am. Ed.] 358 DESCRIPTIVE GEOGRAPHY. Part III. Proportion of deaths, marriages, <^c. to the population.—Among the facts that attest theimproved condition of the people of England since 1770, the extraordinary diminution in therate of mortality is one of the least equivocal. In 1780, llie deaths in England and Walesamounted to about 1 in 40 of the p
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