. Herbicide and conifer options for reforesting upper slopes in the Cascade Range. Conifers Cascade Range; Herbicides Cascade Range; Reforestation Cascade Range. Figure 4.—(A) Most surviving western white pine commenced vigorous growth after the third growing season, but some additional mortality seems likely. (B) Damage by pocket gophers (Thomomys monticola mazama Merriam) was often associated with conifer losses at McKenzie, and will probably Beargrass control.—First-year control of beargrass did not exceed 53 percent for any herbicide, and reached that level only with bromacil, h


. Herbicide and conifer options for reforesting upper slopes in the Cascade Range. Conifers Cascade Range; Herbicides Cascade Range; Reforestation Cascade Range. Figure 4.—(A) Most surviving western white pine commenced vigorous growth after the third growing season, but some additional mortality seems likely. (B) Damage by pocket gophers (Thomomys monticola mazama Merriam) was often associated with conifer losses at McKenzie, and will probably Beargrass control.—First-year control of beargrass did not exceed 53 percent for any herbicide, and reached that level only with bromacil, hexazinone, and terbacil (table 2). Moderate control persisted for 3 years with bromacil, and for 2 years with hexazinone and terbacil. Glyphosate had almost no effect on beargrass the 1 st year at a rate of 2 lb/acre and only a slight effect at 4 lb/acre. Interestingly, at the higher rate, control increased from light the 1st year to moderate the 2d. Light 1 st-year control was also attained with atrazine, cyanazine + atrazine, and dalapon, and persisted undiminished through the 2d year. Control of beargrass with combined atrazine and dalapon consistently bordered between light and moderate in both 1 st and 2d years at all rates applied. Asulam and pronamide appeared totally ineffective on beargrass. During 1977, no herbicide produced a significant gain in white pine survival, and only glyphosate benefited noble fir (table 3). The gain for noble fir, however, was substantial. Both low and high preplanting rates of glyphosate produced 71 -percent survival versus 37 percent for the untreated check. This 34-percent margin widened to a mean for both rates of 40 percent (52 versus 12 percent) by the 3d year. Though benefits of glyphosate were not significant for white pine in 1977, they became so in 1978, and were associated with both preplanting and postplanting applications in 1979. The greatest survival gain accrued from post- planting treatment at 2 lb acre that significantl


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