. Essentials of laboratory diagnosis; designed for students and practitioners. ity is of greatest value and significance whenthe total volume of the urine for twenty-four hours is that the chief clinical value of the study of the amount andof the specific gravity is to aid in the estimation of the totalsolids of the urine (see below). The specific gravity of the urine is usually determined with 226 THE URINE. the aid of a hydrometer or urinoineter, but is more accuratelydetermined by the Westphal balance. Only approximately cor-rect results may be obtained with the urinometer. The U
. Essentials of laboratory diagnosis; designed for students and practitioners. ity is of greatest value and significance whenthe total volume of the urine for twenty-four hours is that the chief clinical value of the study of the amount andof the specific gravity is to aid in the estimation of the totalsolids of the urine (see below). The specific gravity of the urine is usually determined with 226 THE URINE. the aid of a hydrometer or urinoineter, but is more accuratelydetermined by the Westphal balance. Only approximately cor-rect results may be obtained with the urinometer. The Use of the Urinometer.—The scale of the urinometeris usually marked in regular intervals from 1000 to 1060 (). To insure ease and accuracy in reading, these markingsshould not be too close together. Many urinometers areinaccurately made, so that before purchasing an instrument itis always well to compare it with a standard instrument, or atleast to ascertain that it floats at the 1000 mark in distilled waterat the standard temperature (15° C. or 60° F.). Although a. Fig. 39.—Various Forms of Urinometers and Urinometer Cylinders. large instrument is more accurate, a small one, requiring lessurine, is more convenient and must frequently be employedfor lack of sufficient urine in which to float the larger instru-ment. To determine the specific gravity of the urine: After allow-ing the urine to cool to room temperature (about 60° F.), it ispoured into the urinometer tube (the urinometer and an appro-priately sized glass cylinder are usually sold together), and theurinometer immersed in the urine: then with the eye on a levelwith the surface of the urine, the division of the scale is readoff which corresponds to the lowest part of the curve of themeniscus. To insure accuracy the containing cylinder shouldbe sufficiently large to allow the urinometer to float freely andnot come in contact with the sides. All bubbles and froth should SPECIFIC GRAVITY. 227 be removed from t
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