. The commercial apple industry of North America. enetrate the woolly covering of these lice as wellas the oil spray, otherwise the nicotine solution might beused. As yet, no satisfactory method of combating thewoolly aphis on the roots has been found, but growing treeson resistant stock, as the Northern Spy, is desirable inregions in which this pest is troublesome. In spraying allplant-lice it is important to remember that these are suck-ing insects. Plum curculio (Conotrachelus nenuphar). The mature insect is a snout-beetle which punctures theyoung fruit in the early stagesand causes misshap
. The commercial apple industry of North America. enetrate the woolly covering of these lice as wellas the oil spray, otherwise the nicotine solution might beused. As yet, no satisfactory method of combating thewoolly aphis on the roots has been found, but growing treeson resistant stock, as the Northern Spy, is desirable inregions in which this pest is troublesome. In spraying allplant-lice it is important to remember that these are suck-ing insects. Plum curculio (Conotrachelus nenuphar). The mature insect is a snout-beetle which punctures theyoung fruit in the early stagesand causes misshapen sprays serve tocheck plum curculio althoughcontrol may not be entirely ef-fective. Infestation is favoredwhen orchards are in sod orgrown up to weeds. Where this pest is prevalent, an ar- ^ „ * , , • • 11 111 11 1 , Fig. 3.— Apple showing Senical should be added to the the egg and feeding punc- pink spray application. (See tures of the plum curculio i,. Q \ ^^ ^^^ ^^ *^ distorted xlg. o.) shape of the fruit 214 The Commercial Apple Industry Apple red hugs. Red bugs {Heterocordylus malinus and Lygidea men-dax) have come into prominence chiefly in ISTew York do not seem to have spread to the Middle or FarWest, although they are more prevalent in Connecticut andon up through jSTew England into ISTova Scotia. Theseinsects puncture the apples early in the season, causingthem to drop before maturity or to be misshapen and un-dersized. Nicotine sulfate, 1 to 800, combined with thepink spray for the scab has given best results. A repe-tition of the nicotine application with the calyx spraymay be necessary. Apple-tree tent-caterpillar (Malacosoma americana). The ordinary spray program including lead arsenateusually controls the tent-caterpillar and rarely is it aserious pest. The nests may be destroyed with torches andthe egg-masses may be detached and removed while thetrees are leafless. (See Plate XV.) Round-headed apple-tree borer (S
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