. The Americana : a universal reference library, comprising the arts and sciences, literature, history, biography, geography, commerce, etc. of the world. Fig. 3. solid body is equal to the weight of the liquidthat is displaced by it. To calculate how muchof the body is submerged, and how much floatsabove the liquid, it is only necessary to considerwhat volume of the liquid would be equal inweight to the weight of the floating body. Forexample, the specific gravity of ice is about ninetenths of that of ordinary sea-water. Hence9 cubic feet of sea water weigh as muchas 10 cubic feet of ice. Thu
. The Americana : a universal reference library, comprising the arts and sciences, literature, history, biography, geography, commerce, etc. of the world. Fig. 3. solid body is equal to the weight of the liquidthat is displaced by it. To calculate how muchof the body is submerged, and how much floatsabove the liquid, it is only necessary to considerwhat volume of the liquid would be equal inweight to the weight of the floating body. Forexample, the specific gravity of ice is about ninetenths of that of ordinary sea-water. Hence9 cubic feet of sea water weigh as muchas 10 cubic feet of ice. Thus in an icebergnine tenths of the ice is under water, and onetenth is above the surface. In ships and otherfloating bodies the stability depends on the formof the body. A sphere of wood floating inwater is indifferent as to position. The slight-est force is sufficient to overturn it from any. Fie. 4. given position or to set it rotating in the a ship or other body that must float withone side upward, the stability is quite as impor-tant as the floating power. Tin- accompanyingfigure illustrates the conditions of a solid body is slightly displaced from itsordinary position of equilibrium, the forces thatact upon it areseen to be two-fold. First,there is theforce of grav-ity on the solidacting vertical-ly downward,which, if c bethe centre ofgravity, may beconsidered toact downwardthrough thatpoint; and sec-ondly, there isthe resultant of the upward pressures of the vari-ous portions of the liquid, which, if o be thecentre of these upward parallel forces, may beconsidered as equivalent to a single force actingvertically upward through that point. In thefigure these two equal parallel forces are seento form a mechanical couple whose tendency isto right the boat, and bring it back into itsordinary floating position. But if the upwardvertical line throu
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