Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . d of his life. He was a brother ofLydia Maria Child, the philanthropist and au-thor. Harvard gave him the degree of D. D. in1837. He contributed to religious periodicals, andpublished Errors of Education, a discourse atthe anniversary of the Derby academy in Hing-ham (1828): Historical Sketch of Watertown(1830); Dudlean Lecture at Cambridge (1833); Life of Rev. John Eliot, the Apostle to the In-dians, in the fifth volume of Sparkss AmericanBiography (1836); memoirs of Rev. John Allyn,D. D., of Duxbury (1836), Dr. Gamaliel Bradford(1846), and Judge
Appletons' cyclopædia of American biography . d of his life. He was a brother ofLydia Maria Child, the philanthropist and au-thor. Harvard gave him the degree of D. D. in1837. He contributed to religious periodicals, andpublished Errors of Education, a discourse atthe anniversary of the Derby academy in Hing-ham (1828): Historical Sketch of Watertown(1830); Dudlean Lecture at Cambridge (1833); Life of Rev. John Eliot, the Apostle to the In-dians, in the fifth volume of Sparkss AmericanBiography (1836); memoirs of Rev. John Allyn,D. D., of Duxbury (1836), Dr. Gamaliel Bradford(1846), and Judge Davis (1849): and Life of Se-bastian Rale (Boston, 1848). See William New-ells Memoirs of Convers Francis (Massachu-setts Historical Societys Proceedings, 1864-5),and John Weisss Discourse on the Death of Con-vers Francis (Boston, 1863). FRANCIS, James Bicheno, civil engineer,, Southleigh, Oxfordshire, England, 18 May, was educated at Radley Hall and Wantageacademies, Berkshire, and, after gaining a practical FRANCIS FRANCIS 523. knowledge of civil engineering, came to the UnitedStates in April, 1833. On his arrival he securedemployment on the New York, Providence, andBoston railway, in 18-34 went to Lowell as assistantengineer on the hydraulic and other works, and in1837 was appointed chief engineer of locks and canals on Merrimackriver. In 1845 hewas appointed agentof the . canal com-pany, and continuedin that capacity andas chief engineer un-til he was retiredfrom active duty in1884. At present(1887) he is the con-sulting engineer inall important workconnected with thehydraulic improve-0 f^j ^jc ments of Lowell. ^w^ <S. ^^c^c^. Mr Francis may be regarded as thefounder of a new school of hydraulic gauging the flow of water, by weirs and floatingtubes, the volumes treated by him have been un-paralleled, and he has reduced the possible errorfrom the ten per cent, often allowed in previousexperiments, to two per cent. He was president ofthe American
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