William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham PC (15 November 1708 – 11 May 1778) was a British Whig statesman who achieved his greatest fam
William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham PC (15 November 1708 – 11 May 1778) was a British Whig statesman who achieved his greatest fame as a Secretary of State during the Seven Years' War, as known in Great Britain and Asia (known as the French and Indian War in the ) and who was later Prime Minister of Great Britain. He is often known as William Pitt, the Elder to distinguish him from his son, William Pitt, the Younger. He was also known as The Great Commoner, because of his long-standing refusal to accept a title. The major American city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania is named after him, as is Pittsylvania County, Virginia, and Chatham County, North Carolina; and the communities of Pittston, Pennsylvania, Chatham, New Jersey, Pittsburg, Pittsfield, and Chatham, New Hampshire; as well as Chatham University in Pennsylvania. Pitt Town, New South Wales, Australia was named after Pitt by Governor Macquarie in 1810. Pitt was born at Westminster, the grandson of the governor of Madras, who was known as "Diamond" Pitt because he sold a diamond of extraordinary size to the Regent Orléans for around £135,000. It was mainly by this fortunate transaction that the governor was enabled to raise his family, which was one of old standing, to a position of wealth and political influence. The latter he acquired by purchasing the burgage tenures of Old Sarum. William Pitt was educated at Eton College, and, in January 1727, was entered as a gentleman commoner at Trinity College, Oxford. There is evidence that he was an extensively read, if not a minutely accurate classical scholar; and it is noteworthy that Demosthenes was his favourite author, and that he diligently cultivated the faculty of expression by the practice of translation and re-translation. A hereditary gout, from which he had suffered even during his school-days, compelled him to leave the university without taking his degree, in order to travel abroad. He spent some time in France and Italy,
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