. The street railway review . at can be used in such cases. Perhaps it should be saidthat the insulators are protected by metallic covers in the secondcase; but these are paved over, so that the street surface is in noway altered in appearance by their use. The limiting conduit depth is often a vitally important matteron account of the crossing of immovable sub-surface construc-tions. The conductor-bar carrying height is arrived at by addingthe depth of yoke-seat and the air-gap to the height of is possible that the height so arrived at will not give thenecessary distance for a ve


. The street railway review . at can be used in such cases. Perhaps it should be saidthat the insulators are protected by metallic covers in the secondcase; but these are paved over, so that the street surface is in noway altered in appearance by their use. The limiting conduit depth is often a vitally important matteron account of the crossing of immovable sub-surface construc-tions. The conductor-bar carrying height is arrived at by addingthe depth of yoke-seat and the air-gap to the height of is possible that the height so arrived at will not give thenecessary distance for a vertically hung insulator and its mechanicalprotection. In this case the insulator determines the conductor-bar carrying height. When this distance is determined, the heightof bar itself, with the necessary clearance to the bottom of thetube, is added. The distance so determined gives the conduit clearance should be from 9 in. to 10 in. to allow considerableroom for water and dirt accumulation, although for short dis-. tances, where unavoidable, a depth of 4 in. has been successfullyused. Such shallow lengths need cleaning often. A shallow conduit was designed for use on the Pont ric IAhiia,in Paris. A careful examination showed that the constructiongiven in Fig. i was practicable by slightly cutting the masonryarches, which was adopted. The conduit construction in this casehas a total depth of about 22 in. with a 6-in. slot rail and insu-lators bolted to their bottom flanges. The conduit shown is inactual operation, and it can be safely recommended for special cases where the depth available is restricted. Fig. 2 shows a sec-tion through the insulator. It may not be amiss to say a few. words about the switches,because in practice they are responsible for most of the interrup-tions in service. A misplaced switch has the result of guidingthe car in one direction and the plow in another. The latter canbecome twisted in the conduit in a variety of ways, but with the toosur


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Keywords: ., book, bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectstreetrailroads