A history of the ancient world, for high schools and academies . rors in Relation toChristianity. Munro, pp. 174-176 (sources); Gibbon, pp. 118-119. 4. The Council of Nicaea. Seignobos^ pp. 400-401. and Pagan Learning. Merivale, ch. 73; Seignobos, ; Gibbon, ch. 12. 6. Theodosius. Merivale, pp. 616-623; Seignobos, pp„ 416-420; Gibbon, pp. 207-221. 7. Con-stantinople and Rome. Munro, pp. 236-237 (source); Gibbon,pp. 123-132; Botsford, pp. 283-285; Merivale, pp. 587-590;Seignobos, pp. 403-404. 8. Society in the Fourth , pp. 449-457. (3) THE BREAKING UP OF THE WORLD-


A history of the ancient world, for high schools and academies . rors in Relation toChristianity. Munro, pp. 174-176 (sources); Gibbon, pp. 118-119. 4. The Council of Nicaea. Seignobos^ pp. 400-401. and Pagan Learning. Merivale, ch. 73; Seignobos, ; Gibbon, ch. 12. 6. Theodosius. Merivale, pp. 616-623; Seignobos, pp„ 416-420; Gibbon, pp. 207-221. 7. Con-stantinople and Rome. Munro, pp. 236-237 (source); Gibbon,pp. 123-132; Botsford, pp. 283-285; Merivale, pp. 587-590;Seignobos, pp. 403-404. 8. Society in the Fourth , pp. 449-457. (3) THE BREAKING UP OF THE WORLD-EMPIRE AND THE END OF THEANCIENT PERIOD 395-800 The Last 496. The four centuries, 400-800, form the lastturies oi great Era of Transition in the history of the Ancient Everything was in confusion; everywhere ancient raceswere yielding to fresh and vigorous peoples, old and es-tablished forms of organization were breaking down andnew institutions were forming to correspond to the newlife. The struggle was long, the changes slow in taking. Barbarian Invasions 427 place, but the end was the transformation of the old worldinto the Middle Age. BIBLIOGRAPHY* For bibliography for advanced students and teachers, see Appendix and Schwill. A General History 0} Europe. Scribners. The early chapters have a full and spirited account of the decline of the Empire and the rise of the barbarian History of Western Europe. Ginn and Co. An excellent book, especially strong on the social elements of the The Beginning of the Middle Ages. Scribners. Not a new book, but by an admirable scholar and of permanent value for the period 400-800. 497. The death of Theodosius p aced the administra- The Bar-tion of the Empire in the hands of his two sons. Arcadius dYwcreceived the eastern portion, HoNORius the west. Bothwere young and incapable. The barbarians, some ofthem already over the border and restrained in theirseats only by the


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