. California range brushlands and browse plants. Browse (Animal food); Brush; Forage plants. area supports. Deer seem to reach maximum densities of populations on newly logged or otherwise disturbed areas where the food supply is temporarily much in- creased. Later, as this vegetation becomes less palatable or is out of reach of the animals, they consume less desir- able plants, including various species of coniferous re- production. Damage is most keenly felt on plantations where deer congregate while the seedlings are young. It is important that the deer-timber reproduction problem be studie
. California range brushlands and browse plants. Browse (Animal food); Brush; Forage plants. area supports. Deer seem to reach maximum densities of populations on newly logged or otherwise disturbed areas where the food supply is temporarily much in- creased. Later, as this vegetation becomes less palatable or is out of reach of the animals, they consume less desir- able plants, including various species of coniferous re- production. Damage is most keenly felt on plantations where deer congregate while the seedlings are young. It is important that the deer-timber reproduction problem be studied more intenselv. This should include more knowledge of the habits of deer, the foods that thev prefer, and how they may be lured away from locali- ties where they are not wanted. Only limited studies of the nutritive values of conifers as food plants have been made. Evidently none of our conifers are poisonous to browsing animals. Western yew (Taxus brevifolia), which occurs from Alaska to western Montana and into California, has not been re- ported to poison grazing animals. The yews (Taxus) of the Old World, however, have long been known to be poisonous to livestock and deer. English yew (Taxus baccata) is the worst offender. Numerous cattle, horses, sheep, deer, rabbits, and even humans have died from eating the foliage or fruit of this species. Cattle, sheep, and goats sometimes crop fairly large amounts of the leafage and young twigs of Douglas-fir, white fir, and incense cedar with no apparent ill effects. The seeds of pinon pines (Pinus edulis and Pinus monophi/Ua) and Digger pine (Pinus sabiniana) are eaten bv livestock, hu- mans, and rodents with no ill Left: Severely browsed three-year-old ponderosa pine seedling on a heavily populated deer range. Right: Seedling of same age protected from browsing. Hobergs' recreation property. Lake County. For a summary of the ratings of browse species discussed in this manual, see pages 146 to 148. Part II. Appraisal of
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