. Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory, vol. 11. Botany; Botany. 309 WILLIAM SEIFRIZ Ecology, Vol. 15, No. 3 July, 1934 PLANT LIFE OF RUSSIAN LAPLAND 310 in distinguishing the two. Junipcms commiims occurs near the lake shore l)Ut is more frequent at higher altitudes. Its maximum height is rarely ahove five feet. Birches, as bush and prostrate forms, are abundant, especially at higher altitudes, but the lowland tree forms are not numerous. Among the latter are Bctiila pubcsccns, B. odorata (B. puhcsccns var. odorata) and B. ver- rucosa, of infrequent occurrence. B. kitsmiscJicffii occur
. Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory, vol. 11. Botany; Botany. 309 WILLIAM SEIFRIZ Ecology, Vol. 15, No. 3 July, 1934 PLANT LIFE OF RUSSIAN LAPLAND 310 in distinguishing the two. Junipcms commiims occurs near the lake shore l)Ut is more frequent at higher altitudes. Its maximum height is rarely ahove five feet. Birches, as bush and prostrate forms, are abundant, especially at higher altitudes, but the lowland tree forms are not numerous. Among the latter are Bctiila pubcsccns, B. odorata (B. puhcsccns var. odorata) and B. ver- rucosa, of infrequent occurrence. B. kitsmiscJicffii occurs higher up as a tree- shrub. It and B. odorata are hyl^rids. Two other birches of the Kola Pen- insula are B. tortuosa and B. nana, l)oth typical of higher altitudes. AIuus horcalis and Populus trcmida occur as scattered specimens, the lat- ter being usually found as a small tree at higher altitudes. Sorhus aucnparia forms low Inushes in moderate quantity. Neither Populus trcmula nor Sorhus aucuparia characterize the arctic vegetation as strikingly as they do the moun- tain flora of the southern Soviet Provinces. The willows are abundant, Init only in low forms being more typical of the higher slopes where they exist as prostrate plants. Among the nine or more species which are said to occur, Salix glauca is most abundant as a tree-shrub along the lake shore. With it occurs 5'. lapponica. Kreps and Kegel distinguish several types of forest associations at the lake shore, with pine and spruce as the dominant members. Pine is the more al)undant and spruce exhibits greater variety in its associates. Kegel enumer- ates ten spruce associations distinguished by their undergrowth among which are Picetum myrtillosum, Picetum sphagnosum, and Picetum microbetulosa- empetrosum (fig. 4). Kegel mentions five pine associations but Kreps re- duces these to three: Pinetum sphagnosum, with Ruhus chamacmorus, on w^et ground; Pinetum hylocosum, with 1 lypnaceae, chiefly Hylocomium prolifcrum and
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