. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries. Fisheries; Fish culture. SKELETAL MUSCUI^ATURE OP THE KING SALMON. FIvEXOR CAUDALIS VENTRALIS SUPERIOR. 47 This caudal flexor is a rather broad group of fibers which arises from the ventral surfaces of the centra and the bases of the hemal spines of the last two vertebrae of the peduncle, also from the base of the spine and the ventral surface of the lateral process of the most anterior caudal vertebra. The fibers run slightly ventralward as they proceed to their insertion into the bases of the fifth to the eighth caudal rays below the axial ray. The cont
. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries. Fisheries; Fish culture. SKELETAL MUSCUI^ATURE OP THE KING SALMON. FIvEXOR CAUDALIS VENTRALIS SUPERIOR. 47 This caudal flexor is a rather broad group of fibers which arises from the ventral surfaces of the centra and the bases of the hemal spines of the last two vertebrae of the peduncle, also from the base of the spine and the ventral surface of the lateral process of the most anterior caudal vertebra. The fibers run slightly ventralward as they proceed to their insertion into the bases of the fifth to the eighth caudal rays below the axial ray. The contractions of this muscle lead to a flexion of the lower half of the middle portion of the caudal fin, and of the ventral caudal lobe. The tension in this case is brought primarily on the uppermost rays of the ventral lobe. The muscle presumably acts in conjunction with the next to be described. CAUDALIS VENTRALIS INFERIOR. The origin of the inferior ventral flexor is from the surfaces of the last three hemal spines of the caudal peduncle. The attachment is in a line which begins somewhat ventral to the anterior limit of origin /• J {^' y/^^// of ^^^ preceding muscle and runs posteriorly and toward the trans- verse process of the first caudal ver- tebra. The fibers of the border of the superior muscle arise under the ventral border of the preceding muscle. The fibers of the inferior flexor run ventrally and caudally to inser- tions into the bases of the last two long ventral caudal rays and into the adjacent series ofrudimentary rays. Contractions of this muscle sharply flex the extreme ventral border of the ventral caudal lobe. Contraction at the same time with the superior ventral flexor would sharply flex the whole ventral half of the caudal fin toward that side on which the contraction Fig. 6.—The deep caudal fin muscles. /. t. spf-, flexor caudalis ventralis superficialis; /. -v. spr., flexor caudalis ventralis superioris; /. v. i., flexor caudalis ven
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