. The history of Springfield in Massachusetts, for the young; being also in some part the history of other towns and cities in the county of Hampden. iced these different kindsof sand, look at one of the great stone posts at the gates of theArmory and you will find that it is composed of just suchsand, only the mass of grains is compacted into stone, thecolor of which is a brown red. This post was taken out of thequarries of Longmeadow, where the sand droppings of a timelong before the period of the great glacier had been pressedinto stone by the great weight above them, and cemented bythe iro
. The history of Springfield in Massachusetts, for the young; being also in some part the history of other towns and cities in the county of Hampden. iced these different kindsof sand, look at one of the great stone posts at the gates of theArmory and you will find that it is composed of just suchsand, only the mass of grains is compacted into stone, thecolor of which is a brown red. This post was taken out of thequarries of Longmeadow, where the sand droppings of a timelong before the period of the great glacier had been pressedinto stone by the great weight above them, and cemented bythe iron making a stone or rock called sandstone. Some sand-stone is red, some is brown and some is grey, and it is calledsedimentary, because made out of the sediment, or settHngs,of water. Sometimes the mixture of sand and mud (the mud wasonly a wet mass of grains so fine as to be almost unnoticeable)was not coarse enough to make sandstone but only got pressedinto a shelly state. Thissubstance is called shaleand may be seen in a bankat the foot of Walnutstreet. When the massesof grains are so fine as to benothing more, when in the a piece of 14 HISTORY OF SPRINGFIELD water, than mud mixed with a certain sticky substance, thedeposit, or droppings, is called clay, such as can be seen at anybrickyard. Clay banks mean, of course, that the water out ofwhich the fine particles were laid down, was moving very slowly,perhaps scarcely at all. Remembering, then, that deep downare the crystalline or fire-created rocks, we can read in the sand-stone, the shale, the gravel and the sand that lies above them, thevarious movings of the waters in this part of the sea, or, later, the Springfield lake. f> K ^7lifki 1===* Nay, more; for at the Science Museum may beseen a specimen of stoneall rippled over with5 the wave marks of the% water that flowed backs and forth over the muddyshore. Such deposits ofsand, mud, clay, etc., ashave been described, giveto the earth, when a section of it is la
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