. After earthquake and fire . ht angles to the direction of wave progress. Every earthfracture starts both longitudinal and transverse waves, andthe two kinds are started together, but it happens that theytravel at different rates, so that at a distance from the origin 34 AFTER EARTHQUAKE AND FIRE. a single initial jar may be represented by two distinct behavior of the two waves is also qualified in an import-ant way by the material traversed. The longitudinal wavemay be transmitted by both solids and fluids, the transverseby elastic solids only. When a transverse wave encountersloo
. After earthquake and fire . ht angles to the direction of wave progress. Every earthfracture starts both longitudinal and transverse waves, andthe two kinds are started together, but it happens that theytravel at different rates, so that at a distance from the origin 34 AFTER EARTHQUAKE AND FIRE. a single initial jar may be represented by two distinct behavior of the two waves is also qualified in an import-ant way by the material traversed. The longitudinal wavemay be transmitted by both solids and fluids, the transverseby elastic solids only. When a transverse wave encountersloose, incoherent material, such as sand, and especially whenit meets wet alluvium, is transformed into a wave of a differentcharacter, analogous to the surface waves of a body of becomes visible as a surface undulation, its rate of progressis reduced, and its amplitude, or the space through which theparticle moves, is greatly increased. It is for this reason thatearthquakes are peculiarly destructive on alluvial Getting a Drink. SOME LESSONS FROM THE EARTHQUAKE. By S. B. Christy,Dean of the College of Mines, University of California. San Francisco, dear to the miners of 49, has been destroyedby fire many times before, but each time has sprung again tolife more vigorous and beautiful than ever. San Francisco, dear to the miners of today, has just passedthrough a new baptism of fire, but already she is shaking her-self free from the ashes that cover her and will again holdthe proud place she has won for herself more strongly, moregrandly than ever. There is no fear for her future. Themost permanent of human institutions are the great commer-cial centers. These are marked by Nature herself and nothingbut the destruction of her noble harbor can prevent SanFrancisco from remaining the natural gateway for the com-merce of the Pacific. As the fires die out and the smoke clears away, some lessonsof this great event stand out so boldly that it behooves us toprofit by them
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