The veterinary obstetrical compendium : for the farmer and breeder of livestock . to be detached from the inner surface of the womband enter the mouth, whence they pass into the vaginaand between the lips of the vulva, where they appear ex-ternally as the water-bag. In the meantime, the forelimbs and the nose and head of the foetus enter the mouthof the womb, and dilate it to its fullest extent, whenthe cavity of the womb forms a canal continuous withthe vagina. THIRD STAGE OF NATURAL LABOR.: EXPUL-SION OF THE FOETUS.—The pains become more se- Obstetrics—Domesticated Animals. 121 vere, frequen
The veterinary obstetrical compendium : for the farmer and breeder of livestock . to be detached from the inner surface of the womband enter the mouth, whence they pass into the vaginaand between the lips of the vulva, where they appear ex-ternally as the water-bag. In the meantime, the forelimbs and the nose and head of the foetus enter the mouthof the womb, and dilate it to its fullest extent, whenthe cavity of the womb forms a canal continuous withthe vagina. THIRD STAGE OF NATURAL LABOR.: EXPUL-SION OF THE FOETUS.—The pains become more se- Obstetrics—Domesticated Animals. 121 vere, frequent and sustained, and to the muscular con-tractions of the womb are added those of the abdominaland other muscles. If the animal is standing, it bringsall its limbs under the body, arches the back, elevatesthe tail, slightly flexes the hocks, takes a deep breath,and by a powerful contraction of all the muscles of thetrunk, it brings such an amount of pressure to bear onthe foetus as to propel it into the pelvic cavity. Thewater-bag which protrudes beyond the vulva, increas-. Fig. 17. NORMAL POSITION OF THE FOETUS IN THE MARE AT THE THIRD STAGE OF PARTURITION. es in volume at each contraction of the womb. The sizeof the water-bag varies in different animals; being inthe Cow about as large as the bladder of a Pig, and in theBitch the size of the carps swimming bladder. Thewater-bag is much slower to rupture in the Mare thanin the Cow, and it frequently happens that the Foal isborn in the bag without rupture taking place. Whenthe rupture takes place late it is more favorable than whenit occurs early. When rupture occurs too early, and be-fore the foetus has been sufficiently expelled, the parts. 122 Obstetrics—Domesticated Animals, become dry, and labour is always longer and more pain-ful and difficult for the mother, while it is often fatal tothe foetus. When the water-bag ruptures, its con-tents partly escape—that behind the chest of the foetusbeing retained, and voided o
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