The modern world, from Charlemagne to the present time; with a preliminary survey of ancient times . vour easilyobtained an imposing ma-jority in favor of annexa-tion. The third step of theexpansion of Sardinia intoItaly was completed. 700. The Kingdom ofItaly. — Sardinia nowcomprised all the penin-sula except Rome andVenetia; and it reachedfrom the Alps to last annexations raisedthe population from elevento twenty-two next year, in Feb-ruary, 1861, the firstItalian ParHament metat Turin and voted toVictor Emmanuel the title* King of Italy.^ Cavours statesmanship had so


The modern world, from Charlemagne to the present time; with a preliminary survey of ancient times . vour easilyobtained an imposing ma-jority in favor of annexa-tion. The third step of theexpansion of Sardinia intoItaly was completed. 700. The Kingdom ofItaly. — Sardinia nowcomprised all the penin-sula except Rome andVenetia; and it reachedfrom the Alps to last annexations raisedthe population from elevento twenty-two next year, in Feb-ruary, 1861, the firstItalian ParHament metat Turin and voted toVictor Emmanuel the title* King of Italy.^ Cavours statesmanship had so far been triumphant. Hisnext move was directed toward obtaining Rome as the capitalof the new kingdom. He first tried negotiations with the pope,but Pius IX steadfastly refused to give up his remaining terri-tory. An arined invasion would have brought Cavour in con-flict with Napoleon, who still maintained a French garrison(§ 692) in the city of the popes, so he attempted to induceNapoleon to withdraw it voluntarily. The French emperorwould have liked to please Cavour, but Catholic opinion in. Victor Emmanuel. 678 THE MAKING OF ITALY [§700 France was strongly opposed to the measure, and the garrisonremained a little longer. Meantime the parliament at Turinand the mob loudly clamored for Rome as the capital, andCavour himself in a speech declared the possession of Romean absolute necessity for Italy. But soon after this speechhe died (June 6, 1862), leaving to his successors the completionof his work. The acquisition of the remaining jyrovinces, Venetia and Rome(1866 and 1870), was interiwined with the making of Germany. For Further Reading. — Guggenberger, III, 456-471. Maguire,Chaps. XX-XXIV. Seignobos, Chap. XL


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