Chambers's encyclopædia; a dictionary of universal knowledge . ies of loose rubble-stone,to prevent access to the city. Sleanwhile, England, whose ocean-commerce is ofcomparatively recent date, and whose fisheries evenscarcely employed a vessel three hundred years ago,lagged far behind her continental rivals. With fewexceptions, her jiorts were absolutely unprotected,or rather uncreated; and this state of things con-tinued until late in the last century. One of thefew excejitions was Hartlepool, where a harbourwas formed about 1250 ; and Arbroath, in 1394. Inthe 17th c, at Whitby and Scarborou
Chambers's encyclopædia; a dictionary of universal knowledge . ies of loose rubble-stone,to prevent access to the city. Sleanwhile, England, whose ocean-commerce is ofcomparatively recent date, and whose fisheries evenscarcely employed a vessel three hundred years ago,lagged far behind her continental rivals. With fewexceptions, her jiorts were absolutely unprotected,or rather uncreated; and this state of things con-tinued until late in the last century. One of thefew excejitions was Hartlepool, where a harbourwas formed about 1250 ; and Arbroath, in 1394. Inthe 17th c, at Whitby and Scarborough, also inYorkshire, rough piers were thrown out, protectingthe mouth of the port; while at Yarmouth, in HARBOUR. ElizEibetlis reign, a nortli jetty, and subsequentlya south one, were formed. An ancient mole existedat Lyme Regis, a section of which, from Mr SmilcssLives of the Engineers, is given below (see lig. 3).But the chief efforts of the early English engineerswere directed against the shoals and waves ofDover. When, however, Smeatoa rose to vindicate. Dover harbour; temp. Henry VIII. Cott. Aug. ii. 22 and 23. the engineering talent of England, things took adifferent turn; and now few countries surpassGreat Britain in the number of artificially improved
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1860, bookpublisherlondo, bookyear1868
