. Better fruit. Fruit-culture. Page 4 BETTER FRUIT November, 1920 single brooded. Second generation eggs were being deposited in the field from August 1 up to September. Moths con- tinued to emerge under insectary con- ditions until October 4. With the limit- ing factor of the effectiveness of the calyx spray for controlling "calyx en- try worms" field records showed that 80 per cent of the spring generation of larvae entered through the side of the apple, 8 per cent calyx and 12 per cent stem entry. 1917. The winter of 1916-17 was colder than normal, and again we find a heavy mortal
. Better fruit. Fruit-culture. Page 4 BETTER FRUIT November, 1920 single brooded. Second generation eggs were being deposited in the field from August 1 up to September. Moths con- tinued to emerge under insectary con- ditions until October 4. With the limit- ing factor of the effectiveness of the calyx spray for controlling "calyx en- try worms" field records showed that 80 per cent of the spring generation of larvae entered through the side of the apple, 8 per cent calyx and 12 per cent stem entry. 1917. The winter of 1916-17 was colder than normal, and again we find a heavy mortality due to low temper- atures, winter mortality being regis- tered as 84 per cent. Larval material collected in the autumn of 1916 was carried over the winter in burlap bands around a tree, two feet from the ground level and in ground cages. Some larvae were carried over winter in glass cyl- inders, which were open at each end and plugged with cotton wool and also in folds of corrugated cardboard. The only larvae that survived the winter, reaching the adult state, in due course were those that were held in ground- level cages. In one locality some of these cages became flooded early in April by melting snow and remained immersed in water for the best part of three weeks, and the larvae con- tained in them survived, while others, which were subject to the varying spring temperatures above ground suc- cumbed. At the time this note was taken it was remarked that flooding orchards in the early spring would be favorable to the development of the larvae. The mortality of over-winter- ing larvae has been noted by many writers on the codling moth and notes have been taken showing that the range may vary from 5 per cent to 81 per cent, according to the locality and the year. In 1917 over-wintering larvae com- menced to form pupae on May 24 and continued until well into June. The spring generation of moths started to emerge on June 20 and continued emerg- ing during July. The season was
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