. Biology of the vertebrates : a comparative study of man and his animal allies. Vertebrates; Vertebrates -- Anatomy; Anatomy, Comparative. 422 Biology of the Vertebrates. lages of urodeles become developed into elongated laryngeal cartilages in the musical frogs, toads, and hylas. The "brek-ek-ek-kex, ko-ax, ko-ax" of Aristophanes' famous frogs, imitated in one of the modern college yells, is a characteristic bit of virile vocalization familiar to everyone whose experi- ences include a frog pond in springtime. The mechanism by which these haunting nocturnes are produced consists of
. Biology of the vertebrates : a comparative study of man and his animal allies. Vertebrates; Vertebrates -- Anatomy; Anatomy, Comparative. 422 Biology of the Vertebrates. lages of urodeles become developed into elongated laryngeal cartilages in the musical frogs, toads, and hylas. The "brek-ek-ek-kex, ko-ax, ko-ax" of Aristophanes' famous frogs, imitated in one of the modern college yells, is a characteristic bit of virile vocalization familiar to everyone whose experi- ences include a frog pond in springtime. The mechanism by which these haunting nocturnes are produced consists of a pair of arytenoid cartilages, and in addition, of a new cartilage, the cricoid, which is an elaboration of the first tracheal ring or rings (Fig. 353). Dilator and adductor muscles operate these skeletal elements. Two folds on the inner walls of the laryngotra- cheal chamber, the vocal cords, lie parallel with the slitlike glottis. The Anura, especially the males of the species, have besides, internal vocal sacs in the throat region which are apparent externally when inflated. These serve as chambers of resonance for increasing the carrying quality of their vocalizations. A single median vocal sac is common to all hylas (Fig. 354), as well as the toad, Bufo, while two lateral sacs show at the shoulders of frogs, being especially pronounced in the male bullfrog, Rana catesbiana, when its twanging "iug-o'-rum" note is being broadcast. As a matter of fact the lungs of frogs and toads are largely organs for producing sound after the manner of bagpipes, the respiratory function being taken care of mostly by the skin, as shown by the fact that the cutaneous arteries exceed the pulmonary arteries in size. Fig. 354. Hyla, showing inflated resonance sac. (After Boulenger.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, booksubjectanatomycomparative, booksubjectverte
