. Birds of New York . eds with jerky flight and pumping tail fromone location to another. Chickadees are even more sociable in habitsthan nuthatches, and usually travel in small parties of 5 to 12 or moreindividuals and are usually associated with nuthatches. Brown creepersand Downy woodpeckers during fall, winter and spring. As DoctorBarrows has shown, the Chickadee destroys some beneficial insects, butin the main his habits seem beneficial on account of the large number of BIRDS OF NEW YORK 505 insects injurious to trees which are destroyed during his scrutiny of theorchards or forests. The


. Birds of New York . eds with jerky flight and pumping tail fromone location to another. Chickadees are even more sociable in habitsthan nuthatches, and usually travel in small parties of 5 to 12 or moreindividuals and are usually associated with nuthatches. Brown creepersand Downy woodpeckers during fall, winter and spring. As DoctorBarrows has shown, the Chickadee destroys some beneficial insects, butin the main his habits seem beneficial on account of the large number of BIRDS OF NEW YORK 505 insects injurious to trees which are destroyed during his scrutiny of theorchards or forests. The nest is commonly placed in small cavities of dead trees withina few feet of the ground, sometimes 15 or 20 feet up. On many occasionsI have seen the chickadees excavating their own holes in dead birch stubsor other soft wood. The entrance is about i inch in diameter and thecavity usually about 6 or 8 inches in depth. The nesting materials aresoft grasses, mosses, cottony down from ferns and other plants, and Chickadee feeding young Photo by L. S. Horton The eggs are 5 to 8 .in number, white in ground color spotted with reddishbrown, with a tendency to form a wreath near the larger end of the egg,which is broadly ovate, almost spherical at times, in outline. Theyaverage .60 by .47 inches in dimensions. Both birds labor not only in theconstruction of the nest, but in incubating the eggs and caring for the operations in western New York begin from the i8th of Aprilto the loth of May, and fresh eggs are usually found between the 12th and26th of May, frequently as late as the 20th of June, although I am inclinedto think that rarely more than one brood is reared in a season. 506 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Penthestes carolinensis carolinensis (Audubon) Carolina Chickadee Parus carolinensis Audubon. Orn. Biog. 1834. 2:341 DeKay. Zool. N. Y. 1844. pt 2, p. 61, fig. 123Penthestes carolinensis carolinensis A. O. U. Check List. Ed. P- 35°- No. 736 Description.


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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectbirds, bookyear1914