. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. SyJ&^mTU BULLETIN No. 640 Contribution from the Bureau of Entomology L. O. HOWARD, Chief. j&&*¥Uu Washington, D. C. April 8, 1918 THE MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY. CONTENTS. Page. Distribution throughout the world 2 Establishment and spread in Hawaii 3 How the fruit fly got into Hawaii 4 Losses incurred through the fruit fly 5 What the Mediterranean fruit fly is like 7 Fruits, nuts, and vegetables attacked 11 Host fruits of commercial value 15 Artificial methods of control not satisfactory under Hawaiian conditi
. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. SyJ&^mTU BULLETIN No. 640 Contribution from the Bureau of Entomology L. O. HOWARD, Chief. j&&*¥Uu Washington, D. C. April 8, 1918 THE MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY. CONTENTS. Page. Distribution throughout the world 2 Establishment and spread in Hawaii 3 How the fruit fly got into Hawaii 4 Losses incurred through the fruit fly 5 What the Mediterranean fruit fly is like 7 Fruits, nuts, and vegetables attacked 11 Host fruits of commercial value 15 Artificial methods of control not satisfactory under Hawaiian conditions 24 The campaign against the fruit fly in 2G Natural control of the fruit fly 37 Quarentine measures to prevent introduction. 41 Summary 42 THE HORTICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT of the Hawaiian Islands has been almost stopped since 1910 by the activity of two fruit-fly pests—the Mediterranean fruit fly* and the melon 3 These two pests are being intercepted continually by quarantine officials at our ports of entry and they are therefore feared by, and are of vital interest to, every fruit and-vegetable grower in the warmer por- tions of the Pacific and Gulf coast States. Every possible barrier to the establishment of these pests on the mainland United States is beino- erected by the Federal Horticultural Board, working in cooperation with State officials. Quarantines now regulate the movement of horticultural products from infested countries; hence the greatest danger to California, Florida, and Mexican territory now lies in the unintentional spread of fruit-fly pests by uninformed travelers who may carry infested fruits upon their persons or in their baggage. The Mediterranean fruit fly (fig. 1) is one of the recently introduced pests of Hawaii. It has found climatic and food conditions so favor- able that at present there is not a family unaffected by its ravages. It is doubtful if there exist in any other place in the world conditions so favorable to the rapid sp
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