. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. ACTINOPTERYGLVN INTERRELATIONSHIPS • Lauder and Liem 179 PTOPA. Figure 59. Osteology of the skull of a representative Channiform, Channa striatus. A. Lateral view of the neurocranium. B. Lateral view of suspensory and opercular apparatus. C. Ventrolateral view of first epibranchial bone. D. dorsal view of gill arches. Abbreviations: BB, basibranchial; BOC, basioccipital; bs, basisphenoid; CB-„ fifth ceratobranchial; EB,_4, epibranchials 1-4; ECT, ectopterygoid; ENT, entopterygoid; EO, epiotic; EOC, exoccipital; F, fro
. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. ACTINOPTERYGLVN INTERRELATIONSHIPS • Lauder and Liem 179 PTOPA. Figure 59. Osteology of the skull of a representative Channiform, Channa striatus. A. Lateral view of the neurocranium. B. Lateral view of suspensory and opercular apparatus. C. Ventrolateral view of first epibranchial bone. D. dorsal view of gill arches. Abbreviations: BB, basibranchial; BOC, basioccipital; bs, basisphenoid; CB-„ fifth ceratobranchial; EB,_4, epibranchials 1-4; ECT, ectopterygoid; ENT, entopterygoid; EO, epiotic; EOC, exoccipital; F, frontal; GR, gill raker on first epibranchial bone; HB,_3, hypobranchials 1-3; HM, hyomandibula; IC, intercalary; lOP, interoperculum; MPT, metapterygoid; N, nasal; OP, operculum; P, palatine; PA, parietal; PB,.,, pharyngobranchials 1-3; PF, lateral ethmoid complex; PC, proot- ic; POP, preoperculum; PS, parasphenoid; PT, posttemporal; PTO, pterotic; Q, quadrate; S, otic bullae; SOC, supra- occipital; SOP. suboperculum; SY, symplectic; T,, toothplate on third hypobranchial; UP4, upper toothplate of fourth branchial arch; UPM, uncinate process of metapterygoid; V, vomer. 4 genera {Macrotrema, Ophisternon, Synbranchus and Monopterus) with 15 species (Rosen and Greenwood, 1976). Travers (personal communication) in- cludes the Mastacembeloidei within this order. This very specialized assemblage is unquestionably monophyletic and shares the following specializations: Eel- shaped fishes without pectoral fins in the adults, no pelvic fins or girdles and dorsal or anal fins. The gill membranes are united and continuous around the isth- mus. In the uniquely specialized neuro- cranium the frontal bones are turned down and sutured to the basisphenoid (Rosen and Greenwood, 1976) and the large parietals meet in the midline. Syn- branchiforms are the only teleosts with the suspensorium (palatoquadrate) artic- ulating with a prominence on the basi- sphenoid, frontal or both, and with the vome
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