. A text-book of bacteriology; a practical treatise for students and practitioners of medicine. Bacteriology. 616 PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS. Levaditi and Manouelian/ the spirochates are found not only in the blood but thickly distributed throughout the various organs. Under natural conditions, infection of chickens seems to depend upon a species of tick which acts as an intermediate host and causes infection by its bite. The spirochete, according to Marchoux and Sal- imbeni, may be found in the intes- tinal canal of the ticks for as long as five months after their infection from a diseased fow
. A text-book of bacteriology; a practical treatise for students and practitioners of medicine. Bacteriology. 616 PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS. Levaditi and Manouelian/ the spirochates are found not only in the blood but thickly distributed throughout the various organs. Under natural conditions, infection of chickens seems to depend upon a species of tick which acts as an intermediate host and causes infection by its bite. The spirochete, according to Marchoux and Sal- imbeni, may be found in the intes- tinal canal of the ticks for as long as five months after their infection from a diseased fowl. In the blood of animals which have survived an infection, agglutin- ating substances appear and active immunization of animals may be carried out by the injection of in- fected blood in which the spirochetes have been killed, either by moderate heat or by preservation at room temperature. The serum of immune animals, furthermore, has a pro- tective action upon other birds. It is not impossible that the Spiro- chseta gaUinarum may be identical with the Spirochseta anserina previ- ously discovered by Sacharoff.^ This last-named microorganism causes a disease in geese, observed espe- cially in Russia and Northern Africa, which both chnically and in its pathological lesions corresponds closely to the disease above described as occurring in chickens. The spirochsete is found during the febrile period of the disease in the circulating blood, is morphologically, indis- tinguishable from the spirochaete of chickens, and cannot be cultivated artificially. The similarity is further strengthened by the fact that Spirochseta anserina is pathogenic for other birds, but not for animals of other genera. Noguchi has succeeded in cultivating Spirochaeta gaUinarum by the same method by which he has cultivated the or- ganisms of relapsing fever. Ascitic fluid tubes with a piece of sterile rabbit kidney were inoculated with a few drops of blood containing the spirochsetes and cultivated at
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