A manual of modern surgery : an exposition of the accepted doctrines and approved operative procedures of the present time, for the use of students and practitioners . position and line of is often of importance, and may be determinable only by carefulfingering accurate measurements and close observation of changes inrelative position of the prominences. Oftentimes the exact line ofbreak is only to be inferred. Examination by means of the Rontgen rays and the fluoroscope orby taking skiagraphs with the X-rays will clearly show the line ofbreak and the relations of the fragments.
A manual of modern surgery : an exposition of the accepted doctrines and approved operative procedures of the present time, for the use of students and practitioners . position and line of is often of importance, and may be determinable only by carefulfingering accurate measurements and close observation of changes inrelative position of the prominences. Oftentimes the exact line ofbreak is only to be inferred. Examination by means of the Rontgen rays and the fluoroscope orby taking skiagraphs with the X-rays will clearly show the line ofbreak and the relations of the fragments. To understand the dis-placement it is necessary to take views in two or more planes. Itmust be remembered that cartilage does not cause a shadow like bone;and that, therefore, the unossified epiphyseal cartilage will look like aline of fracture. The epiphyses do not all become united until aboutthe twenty-fifth year. Examination with the X-rays is possiblethrough the splints and other dressings, and, therefore, the surgeoncan see the effects of his fracture dressing. It, however, requires someexperience to understand the exact value of X-ray pictures. Fig. Skiagraph, or x-ray photograph, of a fracture of the lower end of the radius with anterior displace-ment. Taken a few days after the injury and hefore reduction, showing the line of fracture and thecallus about the bony lesion. (Authors case.) The conduction of percussion vibrations from one end of a bone tothe other will at times prove the non-existence of a line of completefracture between the two points. Let the examiner grasp or place hisfingers on one extremity of the bone, and then give the other several 358 FRACTURES. quick, sharp blows with his finger-tips or a small hammer. If thevibrations are distinctly conveyed along the bone, complete fractureis improbable. Perhaps the vibrations might be well transmitted ifthe fracture was impacted. Prognosis.—Closed fractures, if uncomplicated, usually do frac
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