. The Cambridge natural history. Zoology. 262 ORTHOPTERA their shape : the coxae are short, oval, or round, never large ; the trochanter is small; the front femora often have the basal part narrower than the apical, and they are fre- quently so formed that they can be stretched out in front of the head, concealing its sides and outline and entirely encasing the antennae. There is an arolium or cushion between the claws of the five- jointed tarsi. The front legs are frequently longer than the others. Only a very slight study has been made of the alar organs of Phas- midae; but according to Eedt
. The Cambridge natural history. Zoology. 262 ORTHOPTERA their shape : the coxae are short, oval, or round, never large ; the trochanter is small; the front femora often have the basal part narrower than the apical, and they are fre- quently so formed that they can be stretched out in front of the head, concealing its sides and outline and entirely encasing the antennae. There is an arolium or cushion between the claws of the five- jointed tarsi. The front legs are frequently longer than the others. Only a very slight study has been made of the alar organs of Phas- midae; but according to Eedten- bacher and Brauer, they differ greatly from those of Blattidae and Mantidae, inasmuch as the costal vein is placed not on the actual margin of the wing but in the field thereof, and in this respect they more resemble the Orthoptera saltatoria. Very little information exists as to the internal anatomy of the Phasmidae. Many years ago a memoir of a fragmentary and discursive nature was published on the subject by J. Muller,^ but his conclusions require con- firmation ; the nervous system, according to his account, which refers to Arumatia ferula, has the anterior ganglia small, the supra-oesophageal ganglion being apparently not larger than those forming the ventral chain. Joly's more recent memoir on the anatomy of Phyllium crurifolium"- is also meagre; he states that the nervous system resembles that of the locusts (Acridiidae), though there are at least ten pairs of ganglia—one supra-, one infra-oesophageal, three thoracic, and five abdominal. He found no salivary glands; the Malpighian tubules are slender, elongate, and very numerous. The tracheal system has no air-vesicles. He found no distinction ' Ada Ac. German, xii. 1825, pp. 555-672, pis. 1, -liv. ^ Mem. Ac. Sci. Toulouse, series 7, iii. pp. Fig. 149.—Heieroptei'yx grayi, male. Borneo. Oue-half natural Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digi
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