. Australian Garden and Field. gon fits round a circle ; the path of a turning yehicle or plough is approximately circular, so that it is easily kept with the hexagon- al space pro-yided. When turning from one lane to another in the scjuare orchard the turn mnst be through an angle of 90 'degreesi;- but in the triangular orchard this angle is only one of 60 degrees. The latter orchard, with its trees per acre, ap- pears to escape from damage at least as well as those planted with onh' seventy-five trees on the " ; When comparing the various sys- tems of lay-out, i
. Australian Garden and Field. gon fits round a circle ; the path of a turning yehicle or plough is approximately circular, so that it is easily kept with the hexagon- al space pro-yided. When turning from one lane to another in the scjuare orchard the turn mnst be through an angle of 90 'degreesi;- but in the triangular orchard this angle is only one of 60 degrees. The latter orchard, with its trees per acre, ap- pears to escape from damage at least as well as those planted with onh' seventy-five trees on the " ; When comparing the various sys- tems of lay-out, it is only the sets of main lanes, or widest jjRssages between the trees, in each design which should he considered ; it is to these that the trallic will event- ually be confined, although the beautifvdly radiating, but narrow- er, lanes which are found in each system may be made use of while the trees are small. In the stjuare lay-out there are only two sets of main lanes cross- ing each other at right angles, but if the triangular has been adopted, the number of these wide passages will have been increased by 50 per cent., so that the or- chard traffic can almost always find a convenient short-cut in the direction it wishes to take, and tliis alone saves much knocking about of the trees, because there is less turning, and what there is is through an easier angle. Apple orchards are usually estab- lished on undulating sites. It is very important that the furrows of culti^'ation shall be taken in nearly level contours rather than up and down the slopes. If the \. furrows are nearly level it will be found that storm water will be encouraged to soak in and pro- mote the welfare of the trees ; but if the plough has been taken up and down the slopes, each open furrow will form a miniature creek, and the best of the plant- food and surface soil will be scour- ed away, whereas the same furrow, if level, instead of steeply sloping, will form a trap to hold the water and catch
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