. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. 12 BULLETIN 57, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGKICLTLTURE. clii-ections from the center. The outer edge should be raised to form a trough emptying into a tight drain, or a drain trough should be provided to catch the drip. E. Bartow^ suggests that the earth l)e excavated for 4 feet outside of the regular casing to a depth of 4 feet and that an extra 4-inch coating of waterproof Portland cement mortar be ])laced outside this casing ^vitl^ 4 to 6 inches of mortar in the bot- tom of the excavation. This bottom should have a raised
. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. 12 BULLETIN 57, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGKICLTLTURE. clii-ections from the center. The outer edge should be raised to form a trough emptying into a tight drain, or a drain trough should be provided to catch the drip. E. Bartow^ suggests that the earth l)e excavated for 4 feet outside of the regular casing to a depth of 4 feet and that an extra 4-inch coating of waterproof Portland cement mortar be ])laced outside this casing ^vitl^ 4 to 6 inches of mortar in the bot- tom of the excavation. This bottom should have a raised portion at its outer edge to divert the seepage water to a tile drain. This arrangement ])revents surface water that has not been filtered through at least 4 feet of earth from gaining ^- access to the well. Figure 10 shows a combination of these protective arrange- ments. .. L^-/; S^^^ I 9°'^ § â ^cojvc/p^ze- /fss£-/ryo//f Springs are good sources of water sup- ply, since they usu- FiG. 10.âAVell protection. -^ ^ ' all}^ come from great depths within rock or are filtered through many layers of sand and gi'avel. However, they are subject to pollution. from the same sources as wells and should be closely watched in this respect. Farm spring supplies are often polluted by the drainage from build- ings and stock pens. Spring water supplies from limestone are also subject to pollution from distant garbage and sewage dumps in sink holes, as shown in fig- ure 6. The s ame pr e- cautions should be taken for safeguard- ing spring suppHes as in the case of wells, and in addition the spring should always 1 (â 1 i 1 i. Fig. 11.âMethod of wallini; in springs. be fenced to keep out stock. It should be cleaned of all trash and walled in to form a kind of reservoir, as shown in figure 11. The Supply may then be conducted to the house by gravity or by means of a hydrauUc ram. Where a spring is small a large vitrified tile may be so placed as to form a small storage reservoir. The
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