. The study of animal life . that callousness was not a device—providential or otherwise—to save the youth from the painsof chastisement, and yet it had that effect. By bearingblows one naturally and necessarily becomes , the epidermic callousness referred to might beacquired by work or play altogether apart from schooldiscipline, though it might also be the effect of the the same way many structures which are most useful asarmour may be the mechanical or natural results ofwhat they afterwards help to obviate, or they may arisequite apart from their future signif
. The study of animal life . that callousness was not a device—providential or otherwise—to save the youth from the painsof chastisement, and yet it had that effect. By bearingblows one naturally and necessarily becomes , the epidermic callousness referred to might beacquired by work or play altogether apart from schooldiscipline, though it might also be the effect of the the same way many structures which are most useful asarmour may be the mechanical or natural results ofwhat they afterwards help to obviate, or they may arisequite apart from their future significance. 3- Different Forms of Struggle.—If you ask whyanimals do not live at peace, I answer, more Scotfico,Why do not we ? The desires of animals conflict withthose of their neighbours, hence the struggle for breadand the competition for mates. Hunger and love solvethe worlds problems. Mouths have to be filled, butpopulation tends locally and temporarily to outrun themeans of subsistence, and the question which mouths. pa o I hoc paI. >n O CHAP, m The Struggle of Life 37 has to be decided—sometimes by peaceful endeavour, asin migration, sometimes with teeth clenched or animals are carnivorous, and must prey upon weakerforms, which do their best to resist. Mates also have tobe won, and lover may fight with lover till death is strongerthan both. But these struggles for food and for mates areoften strivings rather than strife, nor is a recognition of thefrequent keenness and fierceness of the competition incon-sistent with the recognition of mutual aid, sociability, andlove. There is a third form of the struggle,—that betweenan animal and its changeful surroundings. This also is astruggle withorit strife. Fellow competitors strive for theirshare of the limited means of subsistence ; between foesthere is incessant thrust and parry; in the courtship ofmates there are many disappointed and worsted suitors ;over all are the shears of fate—a changeful phys
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